Techniques for improved beam management

ABSTRACT

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment may measure a beam, according to a measurement configuration, to determine a channel condition value of the beam, modify the channel condition value based at least in part on at least one of one or more beam characterizations, a derivation of a beamforming gain value, or an estimation of the beamforming gain value, and transmit, to a base station, a measurement report indicating the modified channel condition value. Numerous other aspects are provided.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This patent application claims priority to U.S. Provisional PatentApplication No. 63/042,181, filed on Jun. 22, 2020, entitled “TECHNIQUESFOR IMPROVED BEAM MANAGEMENT,” and assigned to the assignee hereof. Thedisclosure of the prior Application is considered part of and isincorporated by reference into this patent Application.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wirelesscommunication and to techniques and apparatuses for improved beammanagement.

DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART

Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide varioustelecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging,and broadcasts. Typical wireless communication systems may employmultiple-access technologies capable of supporting communication withmultiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth,transmit power, or the like). Examples of such multiple-accesstechnologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, timedivision multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency-division multipleaccess (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency-division multiple access(OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency-division multiple access(SC-FDMA) systems, time division synchronous code division multipleaccess (TD-SCDMA) systems, and Long Term Evolution (LTE).LTE/LTE-Advanced is a set of enhancements to the Universal MobileTelecommunications System (UMTS) mobile standard promulgated by theThird Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

A wireless network may include a number of base stations (BSs) that cansupport communication for a number of user equipment (UEs). A UE maycommunicate with a BS via the downlink and uplink. The downlink (orforward link) refers to the communication link from the BS to the UE,and the uplink (or reverse link) refers to the communication link fromthe UE to the BS. As will be described in more detail herein, a BS maybe referred to as a Node B, a gNB, an access point (AP), a radio head, atransmit receive point (TRP), a New Radio (NR) BS, a 5G Node B, or thelike.

The above multiple access technologies have been adopted in varioustelecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enablesdifferent user equipment to communicate on a municipal, national,regional, and even global level. NR, which may also be referred to as5G, is a set of enhancements to the LTE mobile standard promulgated bythe 3GPP. NR is designed to better support mobile broadband Internetaccess by improving spectral efficiency, lowering costs, improvingservices, making use of new spectrum, and better integrating with otheropen standards using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)with a cyclic prefix (CP) (CP-OFDM) on the downlink (DL), using CP-OFDMand/or SC-FDM (e.g., also known as discrete Fourier transform spreadOFDM (DFT-s-OFDM)) on the uplink (UL), as well as supportingbeamforming, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology,and carrier aggregation. As the demand for mobile broadband accesscontinues to increase, further improvements in LTE, NR, and other radioaccess technologies remain useful.

SUMMARY

In some aspects, a method of wireless communication, performed by a userequipment (UE), may include measuring a beam, according to a measurementconfiguration, to determine a channel condition value of the beam;modifying the channel condition value based at least in part on at leastone of one or more beam characterizations, a derivation of a beamforminggain value, or an estimation of the beamforming gain value; andtransmitting, to a base station, a measurement report indicating themodified channel condition value. The method allows for improved networkperformance as the UE's report of a modified channel condition value mayenable the base station to improve beam management based on themeasurement report indicating the modified channel condition value.

In some aspects, the method may include determining a modificationtrigger event based at least in part on the measurement of the beam,wherein modifying the channel condition value is based at least in parton the determination of the modification trigger event.

In some aspects, the method may include establishing a communicationconnection using a first radio access technology (RAT), whereinmeasuring the beam, according to the measurement configuration, todetermine the channel condition value of the beam includes measuring abeam of a second RAT (or of the first RAT), according to the measurementconfiguration received via the communication connection, to determine achannel condition value of the beam of the second RAT (or the firstRAT). Thereby, the channel condition value may be determined (e.g., fora beam of a neighboring cell of the first RAT) while in communicationwith the first RAT and/or the channel condition value may be determinedfor a beam of a second RAT. As a result, beam management while measuringa beam of the first RAT and/or a second RAT is improved by triggeringthe measurement event for reporting measurement values of the first RATand/or a second RAT to the base station of the first RAT.

In some aspects, the first RAT may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) RATand/or the second RAT may be a New Radio (NR) RAT.

In some aspects, the measurement configuration may be associated with aninter-RAT (IRAT) cell selection procedure, and the measurementconfiguration may indicate a measurement event for reporting measurementvalues for the IRAT cell selection procedure.

In some aspects, the measurement event may indicate a reportingthreshold for reporting measurement values of an NR cell associated withthe IRAT cell selection procedure.

In some aspects, measuring the beam, according to the measurementconfiguration, to determine the channel condition value of the beam maycomprise measuring the beam (e.g., of the first RAT or the second RAT),according to the measurement configuration, using a wide beam todetermine the channel condition value of the beam (e.g., of the firstRAT or the second RAT).

In some aspects, the method may include determining a beamforming gainvalue associated with the measurement of the beam (e.g., of the secondRAT), wherein the beamforming gain value is based at least in part on atleast one of: an antenna module associated with a wide beam used todetermine the channel condition value of the beam (e.g., of the secondRAT), the wide beam used to determine the channel condition value of thebeam (e.g., of the second RAT), or an available beam level of theantenna module associated with the wide beam used to determine thechannel condition value of the beam (e.g., of the second RAT). In someaspects, determining the beamforming gain value may be based at least inpart on the one or more beam characterizations, the derivation of thebeamforming gain value, or the estimation of the beamforming gain value.

In some aspects, the method may include determining a modificationtrigger event based on at least one of: a difference between the channelcondition value of the beam of the RAT (e.g. of the second RAT) and areporting threshold for reporting channel condition values of the RAT(e.g., of the second RAT) satisfies a threshold, or the channelcondition value of the beam of the RAT (e.g., of the second RAT)satisfies a cell edge threshold.

In some aspects, modifying the channel condition value may comprisemodifying the channel condition value of the beam (e.g., of the secondRAT) by a beamforming gain value.

In some aspects, modifying the channel condition value of the beam(e.g., of the second RAT) by the beamforming gain value may comprisedetermining a beam level, of one or more beam levels associated with anantenna module of the UE, with all beams included in the beam levelavailable, and modifying the channel condition value of the beam (e.g.,of the second RAT) by a beamforming gain value associated with the beamlevel with all beams included in the beam level available. In someaspects, determining the beam level with all beams included in the beamlevel available may comprise determining whether each beam included inthe beam level is available, where an availability of a beam included inthe beam level is based at least in part on an operating condition ofthe UE.

In some aspects, transmitting, to the base station, the measurementreport indicating the modified channel condition value may comprisedetermining that a modified channel condition value of the beam of theRAT (e.g., of the second RAT) satisfies a reporting threshold forreporting channel condition values of the RAT (e.g., of the second RAT),and transmitting, to the base station, the measurement report indicatingthe modified channel condition value of the beam of the RAT (e.g., ofthe second RAT) based at least in part on the determination that themodified channel condition value of the beam of the RAT (e.g., of thesecond RAT) satisfies the reporting threshold for reporting channelcondition values of the RAT (e.g., of the second RAT).

In some aspects, the measurement configuration may be associated with aLayer 1 (L1) reference signal receive power (L1-RSRP) measurementreport.

In some aspects, measuring the beam, according to the measurementconfiguration, to determine the channel condition value of the beam maycomprise measuring one or more synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) todetermine RSRP values of the one or more SSBs, and determining that anRSRP value of a serving SSB, of the one or more SSBs, is not a highestRSRP value based at least in part on the measurement of the one or moreSSBs.

In some aspects, the method may include determining a modificationtrigger event based at least in part on the measurement of the beam. Insome aspects, determining the modification trigger event may comprisedetermining that an RSRP value of an SSB is a highest RSRP value, anddetermining that a difference between the RSRP value of the SSB and theRSRP value of a serving SSB satisfies an RSRP threshold. In someaspects, determining the modification trigger event may comprisedetermining an amount of time since a last SSB switch, and determiningthat the amount of time since the last SSB switch satisfies a timethreshold. In some aspects, determining the modification trigger eventmay comprise determining that at least one of: an RSRP value of aserving SSB satisfies a serving RSRP threshold, or a signal-to-noiseratio (SNR) of the serving SSB satisfies a serving SNR threshold.

In some aspects, modifying the channel condition value may comprisemodifying an RSRP value of a serving SSB by an RSRP modification value,the RSRP modification value is based at least in part on a valueassociated with an RSRP threshold.

In some aspects, transmitting, to the base station, the measurementreport indicating the modified channel condition value may comprisetransmitting, to the base station, an L1-RSRP measurement reportindicating a modified RSRP value of a serving SSB.

In some aspects, a UE for wireless communication may include a memoryand one or more processors coupled to the memory. The memory and the oneor more processors may be configured to measure a beam, according to ameasurement configuration, to determine a channel condition value of thebeam; modify the channel condition value based at least in part on atleast one of one or more beam characterizations, a derivation of abeamforming gain value, or an estimation of the beamforming gain value;and transmit, to a base station, a measurement report indicating themodified channel condition value.

In some aspects, the one or more processers may be further configured todetermine a modification trigger event based at least in part on themeasurement of the beam, wherein modifying the channel condition valueis based at least in part on the determination of the modificationtrigger event.

In some aspects, the one or more processers may be further configured toestablish a communication connection using a first RAT, wherein the oneor more processors, when measuring the beam, according to themeasurement configuration, to determine the channel condition value ofthe beam, may measure a beam of a second RAT, according to themeasurement configuration received via the communication connection, todetermine a channel condition value of the beam of the second RAT.

In some aspects, the one or more processors, when measuring the beam,according to the measurement configuration, to determine the channelcondition value of the beam, may measure the beam (e.g., of the secondRAT), according to the measurement configuration, using a wide beam todetermine the channel condition value of the beam (e.g., of the secondRAT).

In some aspects, the one or more processers may be further configured todetermine a beamforming gain value associated with the measurement ofthe beam (e.g., of the second RAT), wherein the beamforming gain valueis based at least in part on at least one of: an antenna moduleassociated with a wide beam used to determine the channel conditionvalue of the beam (e.g., of the second RAT), the wide beam used todetermine the channel condition value of the beam (e.g., of the secondRAT), or an available beam level of the antenna module associated withthe wide beam used to determine the channel condition value of the beam(e.g., of the second RAT). In some aspects, determining the beamforminggain value is based at least in part on: one or more beamcharacterizations, a derivation of the beamforming gain value, or anestimation of the beamforming gain value.

In some aspects, the one or more processers may be further configured todetermine a modification trigger event based on at least one of: adifference between the channel condition value of the beam of a RAT(e.g., of the second RAT) and a reporting threshold for reportingchannel condition values of the RAT (e.g., of the second RAT) satisfiesa threshold, or the channel condition value of the beam of the RAT(e.g., of the second RAT) satisfies a cell edge threshold.

In some aspects, the one or more processors, when modifying the channelcondition value, may modify the channel condition value of the beam(e.g., of the second RAT) by a beamforming gain value.

In some aspects, the one or more processors, when modifying the channelcondition value of the beam (e.g., of the second RAT) by the beamforminggain value, may determine a beam level, of one or more beam levelsassociated with an antenna module of the UE, with all beams included inthe beam level available, and modify the channel condition value of thebeam (e.g., of the second RAT) by a beamforming gain value associatedwith the beam level with all beams included in the beam level available.

In some aspects, the one or more processors, when determining the beamlevel with all beams included in the beam level available, may determinewhether each beam included in the beam level is available, wherein anavailability of a beam included in the beam level is based at least inpart on an operating condition of the UE.

In some aspects, the one or more processors, when transmitting, to thebase station, the measurement report indicating the modified channelcondition value, may determine that a modified channel condition valueof the beam of the RAT (e.g., of the second RAT) satisfies a reportingthreshold for reporting channel condition values of the RAT (e.g., ofthe second RAT), and transmit, to the base station, the measurementreport indicating the modified channel condition value of the beam ofthe RAT (e.g., of the second RAT) based at least in part on thedetermination that the modified channel condition value of the beam ofthe RAT (e.g., of the second RAT) satisfies the reporting threshold forreporting channel condition values of the RAT (e.g., of the second RAT).

In some aspects, the one or more processors, when measuring the beam,according to the measurement configuration, to determine the channelcondition value of the beam, may measure one or more SSBs to determineRSRP values of the one or more SSBs, and determine that an RSRP value ofa serving SSB, of the one or more SSBs, is not a highest RSRP valuebased at least in part on the measurement of the one or more SSBs.

In some aspects, the one or more processors may be further configured todetermine a modification trigger event based at least in part on themeasurement of the beam. In some aspects, the one or more processors,when determining the modification trigger event, may determine that anRSRP value of an SSB is a highest RSRP value, and determine that adifference between the RSRP value of the SSB and the RSRP value of aserving SSB satisfies an RSRP threshold. In some aspects, the one ormore processors, when determining the modification trigger event, maydetermine an amount of time since a last SSB switch, and determine thatthe amount of time since the last SSB switch satisfies a time threshold.In some aspects, the one or more processors, when determining themodification trigger event, may determine that at least one of: an RSRPvalue of a serving SSB satisfies a serving RSRP threshold, or an SNR ofthe serving SSB satisfies a serving SNR threshold.

In some aspects, the one or more processors, when modifying the channelcondition value, may modify an RSRP value of a serving SSB by an RSRPmodification value, wherein the RSRP modification value is based atleast in part on a value associated with an RSRP threshold.

In some aspects, the one or more processors, when transmitting, to thebase station, the measurement report indicating the modified channelcondition value, may transmit, to the base station, an L1-RSRPmeasurement report indicating a modified RSRP value of a serving SSB.

In some aspects, a non-transitory computer-readable medium may store oneor more instructions for wireless communication. The one or moreinstructions, when executed by one or more processors of a UE, may causethe one or more processors to measure a beam, according to a measurementconfiguration, to determine a channel condition value of the beam;modify the channel condition value based at least in part on at leastone of one or more beam characterizations, a derivation of a beamforminggain value, or an estimation of the beamforming gain value; andtransmit, to a base station, a measurement report indicating themodified channel condition value.

In some aspects, the one or more instructions, when executed by the oneor more processors, may further cause the UE to determine a modificationtrigger event based at least in part on the measurement of the beam,wherein modifying the channel condition value is based at least in parton the determination of the modification trigger event.

In some aspects, the one or more instructions, when executed by the oneor more processors, may further cause the UE to establish acommunication connection using a first RAT, wherein the one or moreinstructions, that when executed by one or more processors cause the UEto measure the beam, according to the measurement configuration, todetermine the channel condition value of the beam, may further cause theUE to measure a beam (e.g., of a second RAT), according to themeasurement configuration received via the communication connection, todetermine a channel condition value of the beam (e.g., of the secondRAT).

In some aspects, the one or more instructions, that when executed by oneor more processors cause the UE to measure the beam, according to themeasurement configuration, to determine the channel condition value ofthe beam, may further cause the UE to measure the beam (e.g., of thesecond RAT), according to the measurement configuration, using a widebeam to determine the channel condition value of the beam (e.g., of thesecond RAT).

In some aspects, the one or more instructions, when executed by the oneor more processors, may further cause the UE to determine a beamforminggain value associated with the measurement of the beam (e.g., of thesecond RAT), wherein the beamforming gain value is based at least inpart on at least one of: an antenna module associated with a wide beamused to determine the channel condition value of the beam (e.g., of thesecond RAT), the wide beam used to determine the channel condition valueof the beam (e.g., of the second RAT), or an available beam level of theantenna module associated with the wide beam used to determine thechannel condition value of the beam (e.g., of the second RAT). In someaspects, determining the beamforming gain value is based at least inpart on: one or more beam characterizations, a derivation of thebeamforming gain value, or an estimation of the beamforming gain value.

In some aspects, the one or more instructions, when executed by the oneor more processors, may further cause the UE to determine a modificationtrigger event based on at least one of: a difference between the channelcondition value of the beam of the RAT (e.g., of the second RAT) and areporting threshold for reporting channel condition values of the RAT(e.g., of the second RAT) satisfies a threshold, or the channelcondition value of the beam of the RAT (e.g., of the second RAT)satisfies a cell edge threshold.

In some aspects, the one or more instructions, that when executed by oneor more processors cause the UE to modify the channel condition value,may further cause the UE to modify the channel condition value of thebeam (e.g., of the second RAT) by a beamforming gain value.

In some aspects, the one or more instructions, that when executed by oneor more processors cause the UE to modify the channel condition value ofthe beam (e.g., of the second RAT) by the beamforming gain value, mayfurther cause the UE to determine a beam level, of one or more beamlevels associated with an antenna module of the UE, with all beamsincluded in the beam level available; and modify the channel conditionvalue of the beam (e.g., of the second RAT) by a beamforming gain valueassociated with the beam level with all beams included in the beam levelavailable. In some aspects, the one or more instructions, that whenexecuted by one or more processors cause the UE to determine the beamlevel with all beams included in the beam level available, may furthercause the UE to determine whether each beam included in the beam levelis available, wherein an availability of a beam included in the beamlevel is based at least in part on an operating condition of the UE.

In some aspects, the one or more instructions, that when executed by oneor more processors cause the UE to transmit, to the base station, themeasurement report indicating the modified channel condition value, mayfurther cause the UE to determine that a modified channel conditionvalue of the beam (e.g., of the second RAT) satisfies a reportingthreshold for reporting channel condition values (e.g., of the secondRAT); and transmit, to the base station, the measurement reportindicating the modified channel condition value of the beam (e.g., ofthe second RAT) based at least in part on the determination that themodified channel condition value of the beam of the RAT (e.g., of thesecond RAT) satisfies the reporting threshold for reporting channelcondition values of the RAT (e.g., of the second RAT).

In some aspects, the one or more instructions, that when executed by oneor more processors cause the UE to measure the beam, according to themeasurement configuration, to determine the channel condition value ofthe beam, may further cause the UE to measure one or more SSBs todetermine RSRP values of the one or more SSBs; and determine that anRSRP value of a serving SSB, of the one or more SSBs, is not a highestRSRP value based at least in part on the measurement of the one or moreSSBs.

In some aspects, the one or more instructions, when executed by the oneor more processors, may further cause the UE to determine a modificationtrigger event based at least in part on the measurement of the beam. Insome aspects, the one or more instructions, that when executed by one ormore processors cause the UE to determine the modification triggerevent, may further cause the UE to determine that an RSRP value of anSSB is a highest RSRP value; and determine that a difference between theRSRP value of the SSB and the RSRP value of a serving SSB satisfies anRSRP threshold. In some aspects, the one or more instructions, that whenexecuted by one or more processors cause the UE to determine themodification trigger event, may further cause the UE to determine anamount of time since a last SSB switch; and determine that the amount oftime since the last SSB switch satisfies a time threshold. In someaspects, the one or more instructions, that when executed by one or moreprocessors cause the UE to determine the modification trigger event, mayfurther cause the UE to determine that at least one of an RSRP value ofa serving SSB satisfies a serving RSRP threshold, or an SNR of theserving SSB satisfies a serving SNR threshold.

In some aspects, the one or more instructions, that when executed by oneor more processors cause the UE to modify the channel condition value,may further cause the UE to modify an RSRP value of a serving SSB by anRSRP modification value, wherein the RSRP modification value is based atleast in part on a value associated with an RSRP threshold.

In some aspects, the one or more instructions, that when executed by oneor more processors cause the UE to transmit, to the base station, themeasurement report indicating the modified channel condition value, mayfurther cause the UE to transmit, to the base station, an L1-RSRPmeasurement report indicating a modified RSRP value of a serving SSB.

In some aspects, an apparatus for wireless communication may includemeans for measuring a beam, according to a measurement configuration, todetermine a channel condition value of the beam; means for modifying thechannel condition value based at least in part on at least one of one ormore beam characterizations, a derivation of a beamforming gain value,or an estimation of the beamforming gain value; and means fortransmitting, to a base station, a measurement report indicating themodified channel condition value.

In some aspects, the apparatus may further comprise means fordetermining a modification trigger event based at least in part on themeasurement of the beam, wherein modifying the channel condition valueis based at least in part on the determination of the modificationtrigger event.

In some aspects, the apparatus may further comprise means forestablishing a communication connection using a first RAT, wherein themeans for measuring the beam, according to the measurementconfiguration, to determine the channel condition value of the beam mayinclude means for measuring a beam (e.g., of a second RAT), according tothe measurement configuration received via the communication connection,to determine a channel condition value of the beam of the first RAT orof the second RAT.

In some aspects, the means for measuring the beam, according to themeasurement configuration, to determine the channel condition value ofthe beam may comprise means for measuring the beam (e.g., of the secondRAT), according to the measurement configuration, using a wide beam todetermine the channel condition value of the beam (e.g., of the secondRAT).

In some aspects, the apparatus may further comprise means fordetermining a beamforming gain value associated with the measurement ofthe beam (e.g., of the second RAT), wherein the beamforming gain valueis based at least in part on at least one of: an antenna moduleassociated with a wide beam used to determine the channel conditionvalue of the beam (e.g., of the second RAT), the wide beam used todetermine the channel condition value of the beam (e.g., of the secondRAT), or an available beam level of the antenna module associated withthe wide beam used to determine the channel condition value of the beam(e.g., of the second RAT). In some aspects, determining the beamforminggain value is based at least in part on: the one or more beamcharacterizations, the derivation of the beamforming gain value, or theestimation of the beamforming gain value.

In some aspects, the apparatus may further comprise means fordetermining a modification trigger event based on at least one of: adifference between the channel condition value of the beam of the RAT(e.g., of the second RAT) and a reporting threshold for reportingchannel condition values of the RAT (e.g., of the second RAT) satisfiesa threshold, or the channel condition value of the beam of the RAT(e.g., of the second RAT) satisfies a cell edge threshold.

In some aspects, the means for modifying the channel condition value maycomprise means for modifying the channel condition value of the beam(e.g., of the second RAT) by a beamforming gain value.

In some aspects, the means for modifying the channel condition value ofthe beam (e.g., of the second RAT) by the beamforming gain value maycomprise means for determining a beam level, of one or more beam levelsassociated with an antenna module of the apparatus, with all beamsincluded in the beam level available; and means for modifying thechannel condition value of the beam (e.g., of the second RAT) by abeamforming gain value associated with the beam level with all beamsincluded in the beam level available. In some aspects, the means fordetermining the beam level with all beams included in the beam levelavailable may comprise means for determining whether each beam includedin the beam level is available, wherein an availability of a beamincluded in the beam level is based at least in part on an operatingcondition of the apparatus.

In some aspects, the means for transmitting, to the base station, themeasurement report indicating the modified channel condition value maycomprise means for determining that a modified channel condition valueof the beam of the RAT (e.g., of the second RAT) satisfies a reportingthreshold for reporting channel condition values of the RAT (e.g., ofthe second RAT); and means for transmitting, to the base station, themeasurement report indicating the modified channel condition value ofthe beam of the RAT (e.g., of the second RAT) based at least in part onthe determination that the modified channel condition value of the beamof the RAT (e.g., of the second RAT) satisfies the reporting thresholdfor reporting channel condition values of the RAT (e.g., of the secondRAT).

In some aspects, the means for measuring the beam, according to themeasurement configuration, to determine the channel condition value ofthe beam may comprise means for measuring one or more SSBs to determineRSRP values of the one or more SSBs; and means for determining that anRSRP value of a serving SSB, of the one or more SSBs, is not a highestRSRP value based at least in part on the measurement of the one or moreSSBs.

In some aspects, the apparatus may further comprise means fordetermining a modification trigger event based at least in part on themeasurement of the beam. In some aspects, the means for determining themodification trigger event may comprise means for determining that anRSRP value of an SSB is a highest RSRP value; and means for determiningthat a difference between the RSRP value of the SSB and the RSRP valueof a serving SSB satisfies an RSRP threshold. In some aspects, the meansfor determining the modification trigger event may comprise means fordetermining an amount of time since a last SSB switch; and means fordetermining that the amount of time since the last SSB switch satisfiesa time threshold. In some aspects, the means for determining themodification trigger event may comprise means for determining that atleast one of an RSRP value of a serving SSB satisfies a serving RSRPthreshold, or an SNR of the serving SSB satisfies a serving SNRthreshold.

In some aspects, the means for modifying the channel condition value maycomprise means for modifying an RSRP value of a serving SSB by an RSRPmodification value, wherein the RSRP modification value is based atleast in part on a value associated with an RSRP threshold.

In some aspects, the means for transmitting, to the base station, themeasurement report indicating the modified channel condition value maycomprise means for transmitting, to the base station, an L1-RSRPmeasurement report indicating a modified RSRP value of a serving SSB.

Aspects generally include a method, apparatus, system, computer programproduct, non-transitory computer-readable medium, user equipment, basestation, wireless communication device, and/or processing system assubstantially described herein with reference to and as illustrated bythe drawings and specification.

The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technicaladvantages of examples according to the disclosure in order that thedetailed description that follows may be better understood. Additionalfeatures and advantages will be described hereinafter. The conceptionand specific examples disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis formodifying or designing other structures for carrying out the samepurposes of the present disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do notdepart from the scope of the appended claims. Characteristics of theconcepts disclosed herein, both their organization and method ofoperation, together with associated advantages will be better understoodfrom the following description when considered in connection with theaccompanying figures. Each of the figures is provided for the purposesof illustration and description, and not as a definition of the limitsof the claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

So that the above-recited features of the present disclosure can beunderstood in detail, a more particular description, briefly summarizedabove, may be had by reference to aspects, some of which are illustratedin the appended drawings. It is to be noted, however, that the appendeddrawings illustrate only certain typical aspects of this disclosure andare therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, for thedescription may admit to other equally effective aspects. The samereference numbers in different drawings may identify the same or similarelements.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network, inaccordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station incommunication with a UE in a wireless network, in accordance with thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example beamforming architecturethat supports beamforming for millimeter wave communications, inaccordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a synchronization signalhierarchy, in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example NR non-standalonearchitecture, in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIGS. 6 and 7 are diagrams illustrating examples associated withimproved beam management, in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example process associated withimproved beam management, in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram of an example apparatus for wirelesscommunication, in accordance with the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Various aspects of the disclosure are described more fully hereinafterwith reference to the accompanying drawings. This disclosure may,however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construedas limited to any specific structure or function presented throughoutthis disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that thisdisclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey thescope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. Based on theteachings herein one skilled in the art should appreciate that the scopeof the disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of the disclosuredisclosed herein, whether implemented independently of or combined withany other aspect of the disclosure. For example, an apparatus may beimplemented or a method may be practiced using any number of the aspectsset forth herein. In addition, the scope of the disclosure is intendedto cover such an apparatus or method which is practiced using otherstructure, functionality, or structure and functionality in addition toor other than the various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein. Itshould be understood that any aspect of the disclosure disclosed hereinmay be embodied by one or more elements of a claim.

Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented withreference to various apparatuses and techniques. These apparatuses andtechniques will be described in the following detailed description andillustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules,components, circuits, steps, processes, algorithms, or the like(collectively referred to as “elements”). These elements may beimplemented using hardware, software, or combinations thereof. Whethersuch elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon theparticular application and design constraints imposed on the overallsystem.

It should be noted that while aspects may be described herein usingterminology commonly associated with a 5G or NR radio access technology(RAT), aspects of the present disclosure can be applied to other RATs,such as a 3G RAT, a 4G RAT, and/or a RAT subsequent to 5G (e.g., 6G).

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network 100,in accordance with the present disclosure. The wireless network 100 maybe or may include elements of a 5G (NR) network and/or an LTE network,among other examples. The wireless network 100 may include a number ofbase stations 110 (shown as BS 110 a, BS 110 b, BS 110 c, and BS 110 d)and other network entities. A base station (BS) is an entity thatcommunicates with user equipment (UEs) and may also be referred to as anNR BS, a Node B, an e NodeB (eNB), a gNB, a 5G node B (NB), an accesspoint, a transmit receive point (TRP), or the like. Each BS may providecommunication coverage for a particular geographic area. In 3GPP, theterm “cell” can refer to a coverage area of a BS and/or a BS subsystemserving this coverage area, depending on the context in which the termis used.

A BS may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, afemto cell, and/or another type of cell. A macro cell may cover arelatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius)and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscription. Apico cell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allowunrestricted access by UEs with service subscription. A femto cell maycover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a home) and may allowrestricted access by UEs having association with the femto cell (e.g.,UEs in a closed subscriber group (CSG)). A BS for a macro cell may bereferred to as a macro BS. A BS for a pico cell may be referred to as apico BS. A BS for a femto cell may be referred to as a femto BS or ahome BS. In the example shown in FIG. 1, a BS 110 a may be a macro BSfor a macro cell 102 a, a BS 110 b may be a pico BS for a pico cell 102b, and a BS 110 c may be a femto BS for a femto cell 102 c. A BS maysupport one or multiple (e.g., three) cells. The terms “eNB”, “basestation”, “NR BS”, “gNB”, “TRP”, “AP”, “node B”, “5G NB”, and “cell” maybe used interchangeably herein.

In some aspects, a cell may not necessarily be stationary, and thegeographic area of the cell may move according to the location of amobile BS. In some aspects, the BSs may be interconnected to one anotherand/or to one or more other BSs or network nodes (not shown) in thewireless network 100 through various types of backhaul interfaces, suchas a direct physical connection or a virtual network, using any suitabletransport network.

Wireless network 100 may also include relay stations. A relay station isan entity that can receive a transmission of data from an upstreamstation (e.g., a BS or a UE) and send a transmission of the data to adownstream station (e.g., a UE or a BS). A relay station may also be aUE that can relay transmissions for other UEs. In the example shown inFIG. 1, a relay BS 110 d may communicate with macro BS 110 a and a UE120 d in order to facilitate communication between BS 110 a and UE 120d. A relay BS may also be referred to as a relay station, a relay basestation, a relay, or the like.

Wireless network 100 may be a heterogeneous network that includes BSs ofdifferent types, such as macro BSs, pico BSs, femto BSs, relay BSs, orthe like. These different types of BSs may have different transmit powerlevels, different coverage areas, and different impacts on interferencein wireless network 100. For example, macro BSs may have a high transmitpower level (e.g., 5 to 40 watts) whereas pico BSs, femto BSs, and relayBSs may have lower transmit power levels (e.g., 0.1 to 2 watts).

A network controller 130 may couple to a set of BSs and may providecoordination and control for these BSs. Network controller 130 maycommunicate with the BSs via a backhaul. The BSs may also communicatewith one another, e.g., directly or indirectly via a wireless orwireline backhaul.

UEs 120 (e.g., 120 a, 120 b, 120 c) may be dispersed throughout wirelessnetwork 100, and each UE may be stationary or mobile. A UE may also bereferred to as an access terminal, a terminal, a mobile station, asubscriber unit, a station, or the like. A UE may be a cellular phone(e.g., a smart phone), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wirelessmodem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptopcomputer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, atablet, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook,a medical device or equipment, biometric sensors/devices, wearabledevices (smart watches, smart clothing, smart glasses, smart wristbands, smart jewelry (e.g., smart ring, smart bracelet)), anentertainment device (e.g., a music or video device, or a satelliteradio), a vehicular component or sensor, smart meters/sensors,industrial manufacturing equipment, a global positioning system device,or any other suitable device that is configured to communicate via awireless or wired medium.

Some UEs may be considered machine-type communication (MTC) or evolvedor enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC) UEs. MTC and eMTC UEsinclude, for example, robots, drones, remote devices, sensors, meters,monitors, and/or location tags, that may communicate with a basestation, another device (e.g., remote device), or some other entity. Awireless node may provide, for example, connectivity for or to a network(e.g., a wide area network such as Internet or a cellular network) via awired or wireless communication link. Some UEs may be consideredInternet-of-Things (IoT) devices, and/or may be implemented as NB-IoT(narrowband internet of things) devices. Some UEs may be considered aCustomer Premises Equipment (CPE). UE 120 may be included inside ahousing that houses components of UE 120, such as processor componentsand/or memory components. In some aspects, the processor components andthe memory components may be coupled together. For example, theprocessor components (e.g., one or more processors) and the memorycomponents (e.g., a memory) may be operatively coupled, communicativelycoupled, electronically coupled, and/or electrically coupled.

In general, any number of wireless networks may be deployed in a givengeographic area. Each wireless network may support a particular RAT andmay operate on one or more frequencies. A RAT may also be referred to asa radio technology, an air interface, or the like. A frequency may alsobe referred to as a carrier, a frequency channel, or the like. Eachfrequency may support a single RAT in a given geographic area in orderto avoid interference between wireless networks of different RATs. Insome cases, NR or 5G RAT networks may be deployed.

In some aspects, two or more UEs 120 (e.g., shown as UE 120 a and UE 120e) may communicate directly using one or more sidelink channels (e.g.,without using a base station 110 as an intermediary to communicate withone another). For example, the UEs 120 may communicate usingpeer-to-peer (P2P) communications, device-to-device (D2D)communications, a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) protocol (e.g., which mayinclude a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocol or avehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) protocol), and/or a mesh network. Inthis case, the UE 120 may perform scheduling operations, resourceselection operations, and/or other operations described elsewhere hereinas being performed by the base station 110.

Devices of wireless network 100 may communicate using theelectromagnetic spectrum, which may be subdivided based on frequency orwavelength into various classes, bands, channels, or the like. Forexample, devices of wireless network 100 may communicate using anoperating band having a first frequency range (FR1), which may span from410 MHz to 7.125 GHz, and/or may communicate using an operating bandhaving a second frequency range (FR2), which may span from 24.25 GHz to52.6 GHz. The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are sometimes referred toas mid-band frequencies. Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6GHz, FR1 is often referred to as a “sub-6 GHz” band. Similarly, FR2 isoften referred to as a “millimeter wave” band despite being differentfrom the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz-300 GHz) which isidentified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as a“millimeter wave” band. Thus, unless specifically stated otherwise, itshould be understood that the term “sub-6 GHz” or the like, if usedherein, may broadly represent frequencies less than 6 GHz, frequencieswithin FR1, and/or mid-band frequencies (e.g., greater than 7.125 GHz).Similarly, unless specifically stated otherwise, it should be understoodthat the term “millimeter wave” or the like, if used herein, may broadlyrepresent frequencies within the EHF band, frequencies within FR2,and/or mid-band frequencies (e.g., less than 24.25 GHz). It iscontemplated that the frequencies included in FR1 and FR2 may bemodified, and techniques described herein are applicable to thosemodified frequency ranges.

As indicated above, FIG. 1 is provided as an example. Other examples maydiffer from what is described with regard to FIG. 1.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example 200 of a base station 110 incommunication with a UE 120 in a wireless network 100, in accordancewith the present disclosure. Base station 110 may be equipped with Tantennas 234 a through 234 t, and UE 120 may be equipped with R antennas252 a through 252 r, where in general T≥1 and R≥1.

At base station 110, a transmit processor 220 may receive data from adata source 212 for one or more UEs, select one or more modulation andcoding schemes (MCS) for each UE based at least in part on channelquality indicators (CQIs) received from the UE, process (e.g., encodeand modulate) the data for each UE based at least in part on the MCS(s)selected for the UE, and provide data symbols for all UEs. Transmitprocessor 220 may also process system information (e.g., for semi-staticresource partitioning information (SRPI)) and control information (e.g.,CQI requests, grants, and/or upper layer signaling) and provide overheadsymbols and control symbols. Transmit processor 220 may also generatereference symbols for reference signals (e.g., a cell-specific referencesignal (CRS) or a demodulation reference signal (DMRS)) andsynchronization signals (e.g., a primary synchronization signal (PSS) ora secondary synchronization signal (SSS)). A transmit (TX)multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 230 may perform spatialprocessing (e.g., precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols,the overhead symbols, and/or the reference symbols, if applicable, andmay provide T output symbol streams to T modulators (MODs) 232 a through232 t. Each modulator 232 may process a respective output symbol stream(e.g., for OFDM) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modulator 232may further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, andupconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. Tdownlink signals from modulators 232 a through 232 t may be transmittedvia T antennas 234 a through 234 t, respectively.

At UE 120, antennas 252 a through 252 r may receive the downlink signalsfrom base station 110 and/or other base stations and may providereceived signals to demodulators (DEMODs) 254 a through 254 r,respectively. Each demodulator 254 may condition (e.g., filter, amplify,downconvert, and digitize) a received signal to obtain input samples.Each demodulator 254 may further process the input samples (e.g., forOFDM) to obtain received symbols. A MIMO detector 256 may obtainreceived symbols from all R demodulators 254 a through 254 r, performMIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and providedetected symbols. A receive processor 258 may process (e.g., demodulateand decode) the detected symbols, provide decoded data for UE 120 to adata sink 260, and provide decoded control information and systeminformation to a controller/processor 280. The term“controller/processor” may refer to one or more controllers, one or moreprocessors, or a combination thereof. A channel processor may determinea reference signal received power (RSRP) parameter, a received signalstrength indicator (RSSI) parameter, a reference signal received quality(RSRQ) parameter, an/or a channel quality indicator (CQI) parameter,among other examples. In some aspects, one or more components of UE 120may be included in a housing 284.

Network controller 130 may include communication unit 294,controller/processor 290, and memory 292. Network controller 130 mayinclude, for example, one or more devices in a core network. Networkcontroller 130 may communicate with base station 110 via communicationunit 294.

Antennas (e.g., antennas 234 a through 234 t and/or antennas 252 athrough 252 r) may include, or may be included within, one or moreantenna panels, antenna groups, sets of antenna elements, and/or antennaarrays, among other examples. An antenna panel, an antenna group, a setof antenna elements, and/or an antenna array may include one or moreantenna elements. An antenna panel, an antenna group, a set of antennaelements, and/or an antenna array may include a set of coplanar antennaelements and/or a set of non-coplanar antenna elements. An antennapanel, an antenna group, a set of antenna elements, and/or an antennaarray may include antenna elements within a single housing and/orantenna elements within multiple housings. An antenna panel, an antennagroup, a set of antenna elements, and/or an antenna array may includeone or more antenna elements coupled to one or more transmission and/orreception components, such as one or more components of FIG. 2.

On the uplink, at UE 120, a transmit processor 264 may receive andprocess data from a data source 262 and control information (e.g., forreports that include RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, and/or CQI) fromcontroller/processor 280. Transmit processor 264 may also generatereference symbols for one or more reference signals. The symbols fromtransmit processor 264 may be precoded by a TX MIMO processor 266 ifapplicable, further processed by modulators 254 a through 254 r (e.g.,for DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM), and transmitted to base station 110. In someaspects, a modulator and a demodulator (e.g., MOD/DEMOD 254) of the UE120 may be included in a modem of the UE 120. In some aspects, the UE120 includes a transceiver. The transceiver may include any combinationof antenna(s) 252, modulators and/or demodulators 254, MIMO detector256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, and/or TX MIMOprocessor 266. The transceiver may be used by a processor (e.g.,controller/processor 280) and memory 282 to perform aspects of any ofthe methods described herein.

At base station 110, the uplink signals from UE 120 and other UEs may bereceived by antennas 234, processed by demodulators 232, detected by aMIMO detector 236 if applicable, and further processed by a receiveprocessor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information sent by UE120. Receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to a data sink239 and the decoded control information to controller/processor 240.Base station 110 may include communication unit 244 and communicate tonetwork controller 130 via communication unit 244. Base station 110 mayinclude a scheduler 246 to schedule UEs 120 for downlink and/or uplinkcommunications. In some aspects, a modulator and a demodulator (e.g.,MOD/DEMOD 232) of the base station 110 may be included in a modem of thebase station 110. In some aspects, the base station 110 includes atransceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of antenna(s)234, modulators and/or demodulators 232, MIMO detector 236, receiveprocessor 238, transmit processor 220, and/or TX MIMO processor 230. Thetransceiver may be used by a processor (e.g., controller/processor 240)and memory 242 to perform aspects of any of the methods describedherein.

Controller/processor 240 of base station 110, controller/processor 280of UE 120, and/or any other component(s) of FIG. 2 may perform one ormore techniques associated with improved beam management, as describedin more detail elsewhere herein. For example, controller/processor 240of base station 110, controller/processor 280 of UE 120, and/or anyother component(s) of FIG. 2 may perform or direct operations of, forexample, process 800 of FIG. 8 and/or other processes as describedherein. Memories 242 and 282 may store data and program codes for basestation 110 and UE 120, respectively. In some aspects, memory 242 and/ormemory 282 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storingone or more instructions (e.g., code and/or program code) for wirelesscommunication. For example, the one or more instructions, when executed(e.g., directly, or after compiling, converting, and/or interpreting) byone or more processors of the base station 110 and/or the UE 120, maycause the one or more processors, the UE 120, and/or the base station110 to perform or direct operations of, for example, process 800 of FIG.8 and/or other processes as described herein. In some aspects, executinginstructions may include running the instructions, converting theinstructions, compiling the instructions, and/or interpreting theinstructions.

In some aspects, UE 120 may include means for measuring a beam,according to a measurement configuration, to determine a channelcondition value of the beam, means for modifying the channel conditionvalue based at least in part on at least one of one or more beamcharacterizations, a derivation of a beamforming gain value, or anestimation of the beamforming gain value, means for transmitting, to abase station, a measurement report indicating the modified channelcondition value, and/or the like. In some aspects, such means mayinclude one or more components of UE 120 described in connection withFIG. 2, such as controller/processor 280, transmit processor 264, TXMIMO processor 266, MOD 254, antenna 252, DEMOD 254, MIMO detector 256,receive processor 258, and/or the like.

As indicated above, FIG. 2 is provided as an example. Other examples maydiffer from what is described with regard to FIG. 2.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example beamforming architecture 300that supports beamforming for millimeter wave communications, inaccordance with the present disclosure. In some aspects, architecture300 may implement aspects of wireless network 100. In some aspects,architecture 300 may be implemented in a transmitting device (e.g., afirst wireless communication device, UE, or base station) and/or areceiving device (e.g., a second wireless communication device, UE, orbase station), as described herein.

Broadly, FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating example hardware components ofa wireless communication device in accordance with certain aspects ofthe disclosure. The illustrated components may include those that may beused for antenna element selection and/or for beamforming fortransmission of wireless signals. There are numerous architectures forantenna element selection and implementing phase shifting, only oneexample of which is illustrated here. The architecture 300 includes amodem (modulator/demodulator) 302, a digital to analog converter (DAC)304, a first mixer 306, a second mixer 308, and a splitter 310. Thearchitecture 300 also includes multiple first amplifiers 312, multiplephase shifters 314, multiple second amplifiers 316, and an antenna array318 that includes multiple antenna elements 320.

Transmission lines or other waveguides, wires, traces, and/or the likeare shown connecting the various components to illustrate how signals tobe transmitted may travel between components. Reference numbers 322,324, 326, and 328 indicate regions in the architecture 300 in whichdifferent types of signals travel or are processed. Specifically,reference number 322 indicates a region in which digital basebandsignals travel or are processed, reference number 324 indicates a regionin which analog baseband signals travel or are processed, referencenumber 326 indicates a region in which analog intermediate frequency(IF) signals travel or are processed, and reference number 328 indicatesa region in which analog radio frequency (RF) signals travel or areprocessed. The architecture also includes a local oscillator A 330, alocal oscillator B 332, and a beamforming manager 334.

Each of the antenna elements 320 may include one or more sub-elementsfor radiating or receiving RF signals. For example, a single antennaelement 320 may include a first sub-element cross-polarized with asecond sub-element that can be used to independently transmitcross-polarized signals. The antenna elements 320 may include patchantennas, dipole antennas, or other types of antennas arranged in alinear pattern, a two dimensional pattern, or another pattern. A spacingbetween antenna elements 320 may be such that signals with a desiredwavelength transmitted separately by the antenna elements 320 mayinteract or interfere (e.g., to form a desired beam). For example, givenan expected range of wavelengths or frequencies, the spacing may providea quarter wavelength, half wavelength, or other fraction of a wavelengthof spacing between neighboring antenna elements 320 to allow forinteraction or interference of signals transmitted by the separateantenna elements 320 within that expected range.

The modem 302 processes and generates digital baseband signals and mayalso control operation of the DAC 304, first and second mixers 306, 308,splitter 310, first amplifiers 312, phase shifters 314, and/or thesecond amplifiers 316 to transmit signals via one or more or all of theantenna elements 320. The modem 302 may process signals and controloperation in accordance with a communication standard such as a wirelessstandard discussed herein. The DAC 304 may convert digital basebandsignals received from the modem 302 (and that are to be transmitted)into analog baseband signals. The first mixer 306 upconverts analogbaseband signals to analog IF signals within an IF using a localoscillator A 330. For example, the first mixer 306 may mix the signalswith an oscillating signal generated by the local oscillator A 330 to“move” the baseband analog signals to the IF. In some cases, someprocessing or filtering (not shown) may take place at the IF. The secondmixer 308 upconverts the analog IF signals to analog RF signals usingthe local oscillator B 332. Similar to the first mixer, the second mixer308 may mix the signals with an oscillating signal generated by thelocal oscillator B 332 to “move” the IF analog signals to the RF or thefrequency at which signals will be transmitted or received. The modem302 and/or the beamforming manager 334 may adjust the frequency of localoscillator A 330 and/or the local oscillator B 332 so that a desired IFand/or RF frequency is produced and used to facilitate processing andtransmission of a signal within a desired bandwidth.

In the illustrated architecture 300, signals upconverted by the secondmixer 308 are split or duplicated into multiple signals by the splitter310. The splitter 310 in architecture 300 splits the RF signal intomultiple identical or nearly identical RF signals. In other examples,the split may take place with any type of signal, including withbaseband digital, baseband analog, or IF analog signals. Each of thesesignals may correspond to an antenna element 320, and the signal travelsthrough and is processed by amplifiers 312, 316, phase shifters 314,and/or other elements corresponding to the respective antenna element320 to be provided to and transmitted by the corresponding antennaelement 320 of the antenna array 318. In one example, the splitter 310may be an active splitter that is connected to a power supply andprovides some gain so that RF signals exiting the splitter 310 are at apower level equal to or greater than the signal entering the splitter310. In another example, the splitter 310 is a passive splitter that isnot connected to power supply and the RF signals exiting the splitter310 may be at a power level lower than the RF signal entering thesplitter 310.

After being split by the splitter 310, the resulting RF signals mayenter an amplifier, such as a first amplifier 312, or a phase shifter314 corresponding to an antenna element 320. The first and secondamplifiers 312, 316 are illustrated with dashed lines because one orboth of them might not be necessary in some aspects. In some aspects,both the first amplifier 312 and second amplifier 316 are present. Insome aspects, neither the first amplifier 312 nor the second amplifier316 is present. In some aspects, one of the two amplifiers 312, 316 ispresent but not the other. By way of example, if the splitter 310 is anactive splitter, the first amplifier 312 may not be used. By way offurther example, if the phase shifter 314 is an active phase shifterthat can provide a gain, the second amplifier 316 might not be used.

The amplifiers 312, 316 may provide a desired level of positive ornegative gain. A positive gain (positive dB) may be used to increase anamplitude of a signal for radiation by a specific antenna element 320. Anegative gain (negative dB) may be used to decrease an amplitude and/orsuppress radiation of the signal by a specific antenna element 320. Eachof the amplifiers 312, 316 may be controlled independently (e.g., by themodem 302 or the beamforming manager 334) to provide independent controlof the gain for each antenna element 320. For example, the modem 302and/or the beamforming manager 334 may have at least one control lineconnected to each of the splitter 310, first amplifiers 312, phaseshifters 314, and/or second amplifiers 316 that may be used to configurea gain to provide a desired amount of gain for each component and thuseach antenna element 320.

The phase shifter 314 may provide a configurable phase shift or phaseoffset to a corresponding RF signal to be transmitted. The phase shifter314 may be a passive phase shifter not directly connected to a powersupply. Passive phase shifters might introduce some insertion loss. Thesecond amplifier 316 may boost the signal to compensate for theinsertion loss. The phase shifter 314 may be an active phase shifterconnected to a power supply such that the active phase shifter providessome amount of gain or prevents insertion loss. The settings of each ofthe phase shifters 314 are independent, meaning that each can beindependently set to provide a desired amount of phase shift or the sameamount of phase shift or some other configuration. The modem 302 and/orthe beamforming manager 334 may have at least one control line connectedto each of the phase shifters 314 and which may be used to configure thephase shifters 314 to provide a desired amount of phase shift or phaseoffset between antenna elements 320.

In the illustrated architecture 300, RF signals received by the antennaelements 320 are provided to one or more first amplifiers 356 to boostthe signal strength. The first amplifiers 356 may be connected to thesame antenna arrays 318 (e.g., for time division duplex (TDD)operations). The first amplifiers 356 may be connected to differentantenna arrays 318. The boosted RF signal is input into one or morephase shifters 354 to provide a configurable phase shift or phase offsetfor the corresponding received RF signal to enable reception via one ormore Rx beams. The phase shifter 354 may be an active phase shifter or apassive phase shifter. The settings of the phase shifters 354 areindependent, meaning that each can be independently set to provide adesired amount of phase shift or the same amount of phase shift or someother configuration. The modem 302 and/or the beamforming manager 334may have at least one control line connected to each of the phaseshifters 354 and which may be used to configure the phase shifters 354to provide a desired amount of phase shift or phase offset betweenantenna elements 320 to enable reception via one or more Rx beams.

The outputs of the phase shifters 354 may be input to one or more secondamplifiers 352 for signal amplification of the phase shifted received RFsignals. The second amplifiers 352 may be individually configured toprovide a configured amount of gain. The second amplifiers 352 may beindividually configured to provide an amount of gain to ensure that thesignals input to combiner 350 have the same magnitude. The amplifiers352 and/or 356 are illustrated in dashed lines because they might not benecessary in some aspects. In some aspects, both the amplifier 352 andthe amplifier 356 are present. In another aspect, neither the amplifier352 nor the amplifier 356 are present. In other aspects, one of theamplifiers 352, 356 is present but not the other.

In the illustrated architecture 300, signals output by the phaseshifters 354 (via the amplifiers 352 when present) are combined incombiner 350. The combiner 350 in architecture 300 combines the RFsignal into a signal. The combiner 350 may be a passive combiner (e.g.,not connected to a power source), which may result in some insertionloss. The combiner 350 may be an active combiner (e.g., connected to apower source), which may result in some signal gain. When combiner 350is an active combiner, it may provide a different (e.g., configurable)amount of gain for each input signal so that the input signals have thesame magnitude when they are combined. When combiner 350 is an activecombiner, the combiner 350 may not need the second amplifier 352 becausethe active combiner may provide the signal amplification.

The output of the combiner 350 is input into mixers 348 and 346. Mixers348 and 346 generally down convert the received RF signal using inputsfrom local oscillators 372 and 370, respectively, to create intermediateor baseband signals that carry the encoded and modulated information.The output of the mixers 348 and 346 are input into an analog-to-digitalconverter (ADC) 344 for conversion to digital signals. The digitalsignals output from ADC 344 are input to modem 302 for basebandprocessing, such as decoding, de-interleaving, and/or the like.

The architecture 300 is given by way of example only to illustrate anarchitecture for transmitting and/or receiving signals. In some cases,the architecture 300 and/or each portion of the architecture 300 may berepeated multiple times within an architecture to accommodate or providean arbitrary number of RF chains, antenna elements, and/or antennapanels. Furthermore, numerous alternate architectures are possible andcontemplated. For example, although only a single antenna array 318 isshown, two, three, or more antenna arrays may be included, each with oneor more of their own corresponding amplifiers, phase shifters,splitters, mixers, DACs, ADCs, and/or modems. For example, a single UEmay include two, four, or more antenna arrays for transmitting orreceiving signals at different physical locations on the UE or indifferent directions.

Furthermore, mixers, splitters, amplifiers, phase shifters and othercomponents may be located in different signal type areas (e.g.,represented by different ones of the reference numbers 322, 324, 326,328) in different implemented architectures. For example, a split of thesignal to be transmitted into multiple signals may take place at theanalog RF, analog IF, analog baseband, or digital baseband frequenciesin different examples. Similarly, amplification and/or phase shifts mayalso take place at different frequencies. For example, in some aspects,one or more of the splitter 310, amplifiers 312, 316, or phase shifters314 may be located between the DAC 304 and the first mixer 306 orbetween the first mixer 306 and the second mixer 308. In one example,the functions of one or more of the components may be combined into onecomponent. For example, the phase shifters 314 may perform amplificationto include or replace the first and/or or second amplifiers 312, 316. Byway of another example, a phase shift may be implemented by the secondmixer 308 to obviate the need for a separate phase shifter 314. Thistechnique is sometimes called local oscillator (LO) phase shifting. Insome aspects of this configuration, there may be multiple IF to RFmixers (e.g., for each antenna element chain) within the second mixer308, and the local oscillator B 332 may supply different localoscillator signals (with different phase offsets) to each IF to RFmixer.

The modem 302 and/or the beamforming manager 334 may control one or moreof the other components 304 through 372 to select one or more antennaelements 320 and/or to form beams for transmission of one or moresignals. For example, the antenna elements 320 may be individuallyselected or deselected for transmission of a signal (or signals) bycontrolling an amplitude of one or more corresponding amplifiers, suchas the first amplifiers 312 and/or the second amplifiers 316.Beamforming includes generation of a beam using multiple signals ondifferent antenna elements, where one or more or all of the multiplesignals are shifted in phase relative to each other. The formed beam maycarry physical or higher layer reference signals or information. As eachsignal of the multiple signals is radiated from a respective antennaelement 320, the radiated signals interact, interfere (constructive anddestructive interference), and amplify each other to form a resultingbeam. The shape (such as the amplitude, width, and/or presence of sidelobes) and the direction (such as an angle of the beam relative to asurface of the antenna array 318) can be dynamically controlled bymodifying the phase shifts or phase offsets imparted by the phaseshifters 314 and amplitudes imparted by the amplifiers 312, 316 of themultiple signals relative to each other. The beamforming manager 334 maybe located partially or fully within one or more other components of thearchitecture 300. For example, the beamforming manager 334 may belocated within the modem 302 in some aspects.

As indicated above, FIG. 3 is provided as an example. Other examples maydiffer from what is described with regard to FIG. 3.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example 400 of a synchronizationsignal (SS) hierarchy, in accordance with the present disclosure. Asshown in FIG. 4, the SS hierarchy may include an SS burst set 405, whichmay include multiple SS bursts 410, shown as SS burst 0 through SS burstN−1, where N is a maximum number of repetitions of the SS burst 410 thatmay be transmitted by the base station. As further shown, each SS burst410 may include one or more SS blocks (SSBs) 415, shown as SSB 0 throughSSB M−1, where M is a maximum number of SSBs 415 that can be carried byan SS burst 410. In some aspects, different SSBs 415 may be beam-formeddifferently (e.g., transmitted using different beams), and may be usedfor beam management, beam selection, and/or the like (e.g., as part ofan initial network access procedure). An SS burst set 405 may beperiodically transmitted by a wireless node (e.g., base station 110),such as every X milliseconds, as shown in FIG. 4. In some aspects, an SSburst set 405 may have a fixed or dynamic length, shown as Ymilliseconds in FIG. 4. In some cases, an SS burst set 405 or an SSburst 410 may be referred to as a discovery reference signal (DRS)transmission window, an SSB measurement time configuration (SMTC)window, and/or the like.

In some aspects, an SSB 415 may include resources that carry a primarysynchronization signal (PSS) 420, a secondary synchronization signal(SSS) 425, a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) 430, and/or the like. Insome aspects, multiple SSBs 415 are included in an SS burst 410 (e.g.,with transmission on different beams), and the PSS 420, the SSS 425,and/or the PBCH 430 may be the same across each SSB 415 of the SS burst410. In some aspects, a single SSB 415 may be included in an SS burst410. In some aspects, the SSB 415 may be at least four symbols (e.g.,OFDM symbols) in length, where each symbol carries one or more of thePSS 420 (e.g., occupying one symbol), the SSS 425 (e.g., occupying onesymbol), and/or the PBCH 430 (e.g., occupying two symbols). In someaspects, an SSB 415 may be referred to as an SS/PBCH block.

In some aspects, the symbols of an SSB 415 are consecutive, as shown inFIG. 4. In some aspects, the symbols of an SSB 415 are non-consecutive.Similarly, in some aspects, one or more SSBs 415 of the SS burst 410 maybe transmitted in consecutive radio resources (e.g., consecutivesymbols) during one or more slots. Additionally, or alternatively, oneor more SSBs 415 of the SS burst 410 may be transmitted innon-consecutive radio resources.

In some aspects, the SS bursts 410 may have a burst period, and the SSBs415 of the SS burst 410 may be transmitted by a wireless node (e.g.,base station 110) according to the burst period. In this case, the SSBs415 may be repeated during each SS burst 410. In some aspects, the SSburst set 405 may have a burst set periodicity, whereby the SS bursts410 of the SS burst set 405 are transmitted by the wireless nodeaccording to the fixed burst set periodicity. In other words, the SSbursts 410 may be repeated during each SS burst set 405.

In some aspects, an SSB 415 may include an SSB index, which maycorrespond to a beam used to carry the SSB 415. A UE 120 may monitor forand/or measure SSBs 415 using different receive (Rx) beams during aninitial network access procedure. Based at least in part on themonitoring and/or measuring, the UE 120 may indicate one or more SSBs415 with a best signal parameter (e.g., a reference signal receivedpower (RSRP) parameter and/or the like) to a base station 110. The basestation 110 and the UE 120 may use the one or more indicated SSBs 415 toselect one or more beams to be used for communication between the basestation 110 and the UE 120 (e.g., for a random access channel (RACH)procedure and/or the like). Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 120may use the SSB 415 and/or the SSB index to determine a cell timing fora cell via which the SSB 415 is received (e.g., a serving cell).

As indicated above, FIG. 4 is provided as an example. Other examples maydiffer from what is described with regard to FIG. 4.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example 500 of NR non-standalone(NSA) architecture, in accordance with the present disclosure.

As shown in FIG. 5, in an NR or 5G NSA mode, a UE 120 may communicatewith both an eNB (e.g., a 4G base station 110) and a gNB (e.g., a 5Gbase station 110), and the eNB and the gNB may communicate (e.g.,directly or indirectly) with a 4G/LTE core network, shown as an evolvedpacket core (EPC) that includes a mobility management entity (MME), apacket data network gateway (PGW), a serving gateway (SGW), and/or thelike. In FIG. 5, the PGW and the SGW are shown collectively as P/SGW. Insome aspects, the eNB and the gNB may be co-located at the same basestation 110. In some aspects, the eNB and the gNB may be included indifferent base stations 110 (e.g., may not be co-located).

As further shown in FIG. 5, in some aspects, a wireless network thatpermits operation in a 5G NSA mode may permit such operations using amaster cell group (MCG) for a first RAT (e.g., an LTE RAT, a 4G RAT,and/or the like) and a secondary cell group (SCG) for a second RAT(e.g., an NR RAT, a 5G RAT, and/or the like). In this case, the UE 120may communicate with the eNB via the MCG and may communicate with thegNB via the SCG. In some aspects, the MCG may anchor a networkconnection between the UE 120 and the 4G/LTE core network (e.g., formobility, coverage, control plane information, and/or the like), and theSCG may be added as additional carriers to increase throughput (e.g.,for data traffic, user plane information, and/or the like). In someaspects, the gNB and the eNB may not transfer user plane informationbetween one another.

In some aspects, the 5G NSA mode may be an Evolved Universal MobileTelecommunications System Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)-NR dualconnectivity (ENDC) mode or an NR-E-UTRA dual connectivity (NEDC) mode.In some aspects, a UE 120 operating in the ENDC mode or the NEDC modemay have dual connectivity with an LTE base station 110 (e.g., an eNB)and an NR base station 110 (e.g., a gNB).

As indicated above, FIG. 5 is provided as an example. Other examples maydiffer from what is described with respect to FIG. 5.

In some wireless networks, a base station may configure a UE to measureand report channel condition values of different beams so that the basestation may perform one or more beam management procedures. For example,a UE may measure beams of a serving cell and may report the measurementsto the base station according to a measurement configuration. Similarly,the UE may measure beams of one or more neighbor cells (e.g., of thesame RAT or of a different RAT) and may report the measurements to thebase station according to a measurement configuration. The base station110 may receive the reported measurements from the UE and perform one ormore beam management procedures. For example, the base station 110 mayselect a cell of a different RAT to add as an SCG (e.g., in a dualconnectivity NSA mode), may determine a best beam pair for communicatingwith the UE (e.g., a best base station transmit beam and/or a best UEreceive beam), may select a target cell for a handover procedure, and/orthe like.

However, some measurement configurations may result in poor beammanagement. For example, a UE connected to a cell of a first RAT may beconfigured with a measurement configuration for an inter-RAT (IRAT) cellselection procedure. The IRAT cell selection procedure may configure ameasurement event (e.g., a B1 measurement event) for reportingmeasurement values of a second RAT to the base station of the first RAT.In some aspects, the UE may detect and measure beams of the second RATusing a wide beam (e.g., a beam that has not been refined and/or a beamthat is associated with a small beamforming gain). The UE may determinea channel condition value of a beam of the second RAT (e.g., using thewide beam) to determine whether the channel condition value of the beamof the second RAT satisfies or triggers the measurement event forreporting measurement values of a second RAT to the base station of thefirst RAT. However, a wide beam may not provide sufficient beamforminggain to the channel condition value of the beam of the second RAT tosatisfy or trigger the measurement event for reporting measurementvalues of a second RAT to the base station of the first RAT. Forexample, a UE with poor antenna coverage and/or a UE that is a customerpremises equipment (CPE), among other examples, may not materializesufficient beamforming gain using a wide beam when measuring the beam ofthe second RAT to satisfy or trigger the measurement event for reportingmeasurement values of a second RAT to the base station of the first RAT.For example, near a cell edge of a cell of the second RAT, the UE maydetermine, using the wide beam, a poor (or lower) channel conditionvalue of the beam of the second RAT than if the beam of the second RATwere measured by the UE using a narrow beam. As a result, the UE may notreport the channel condition value of the beam of the second RAT to thebase station of the first RAT.

Therefore, the base station of the first RAT may not add the cell of thesecond RAT as an SCG, even where a measurement of the beam of the secondRAT by the UE using a more refined or narrow beam would have resulted ina channel condition value that would have satisfied or triggered themeasurement event for reporting measurement values of a second RAT tothe base station of the first RAT. Thus, the IRAT measurementconfiguration may result in poor beam management, as not adding the cellof the second RAT as an SCG (e.g., due to the channel condition value ofthe beam of the second RAT not being reported as the value determined bythe UE using the wide beam) may degrade network performance (e.g., maydecrease throughput compared to if the cell of the second RAT were addedas an SCG and/or the like).

Further, a UE may be configured with a Layer 1 (L1) reference signalreceive power (L1-RSRP) measurement configuration. The L1-RSRPmeasurement configuration may configure the UE to measure RSRP values ofone or more SSBs transmitted by the base station. The base station 110may receive the report indicating the RSRP values of the one or moreSSBs and select an SSB associated with the highest RSRP value to be aserving SSB. However, in certain situations, two or more SSBs may havesimilar RSRP values. The RSRP values of two or more SSBs may fluctuate(e.g., due to fading, measurement errors, and/or the like) such that theSSB with the best RSRP value between the two or more SSBs changesfrequently. As a result, the base station 110 may frequently trigger anSSB switch (e.g., switch the serving SSB from one SSB to another SSB).The frequent SSB switches may result in poor network performance due tothe frequent switching between beams. Additionally, the frequent SSBswitches may increase a signaling overhead associated with the UEreporting the new best SSB and the base station 110 signaling the SSBswitch to the UE.

Some techniques and apparatuses described herein enable improved beammanagement. For example, a UE may be enabled to measure a beam,according to a measurement configuration, to determine a channelcondition value of the beam. The UE may modify the channel conditionvalue and transmit a measurement report, to a base station, indicatingthe modified channel condition value. As a result, the base station maybe enabled to perform improved beam management based on the measurementreport indicating the modified channel condition value. The improvedbeam management results in improved network performance (e.g. due to anincreased throughput achieved through the beam management, due to adecrease in beam switches, and/or the like). Additionally, the improvedbeam management reduces a signaling overhead that would have otherwisebeen present when transmitting a measurement report indicating theoriginal (e.g., not modified) channel condition value.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example 600 associated with improvedbeam management, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown inFIG. 6, a UE 120 may establish a communication connection with a firstcell (e.g., a primary cell (PCell)) of a first cell group (e.g., anMCG), associated with a first base station 110. In some aspects, asecond cell, associated with a second base station 110, may be acandidate cell for dual connectivity with the first cell (e.g., may be acandidate to serve as a primary secondary cell (PSCell) of a second cellgroup (e.g., an SCG)). In some aspects, the first cell may be associatedwith a first RAT (e.g., an LTE RAT, a 4G RAT, and/or the like). Thesecond cell may be associated with the first RAT or with a second RAT(e.g., an NR RAT, a 5G RAT, and/or the like). In some aspects, there maybe a plurality of second cells that may be candidates for dualconnectivity with the first cell in a similar manner as describedherein.

As shown by reference number 610, the UE 120 may receive, from the firstbase station 110 of the first cell, a measurement configuration. Themeasurement configuration may indicate a measurement event for reportingmeasurement values of cells associated with the second RAT to the firstbase station 110 (e.g., associated with the first RAT). The measurementevent may be a B1 measurement event (e.g., for reporting IRAT neighborcells). The measurement event may be associated with an IRAT cellselection procedure. For example, the measurement event may beassociated with a cell selection procedure for selecting a cellassociated with the second RAT for dual connectivity with the firstcell.

The measurement event may indicate a reporting threshold for reportingmeasurement values associated with cells of the second RAT. In someaspects, the reporting threshold may indicate a channel condition value(e.g., an RSRP value, a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) value, and/or thelike) that is a threshold channel condition value for reporting channelcondition values associated with cells of the second RAT. That is, ifthe UE 120 measures a beam associated with the second RAT and determinesthat a channel condition value of the beam associated with the secondRAT satisfies the reporting threshold, the UE 120 may report the channelcondition value of the beam associated with the second RAT to the firstbase station 110 associated with the first RAT.

As shown by reference number 620, the UE 120 may measure a beam of thesecond cell according to the measurement configuration received from thefirst cell. In some aspects, the UE 120 may measure one or more beams ofthe second cell. In some aspects, the UE 120 may measure beams from oneor more other cells associated with the second RAT. The UE 120 maydetermine a channel condition value (e.g., an RSRP value, an SNR value,and/or the like) of the beam of the second cell. The measurement of thebeam of the second cell may be a Layer 3 (L3) measurement.

In some aspects, the UE 120 may measure the beam of the second cellusing a wide beam. A wide beam may be a beam with a large degree ofcoverage or beam width (e.g., a wide beam may cover 90 degrees and/orthe like) in relation to a refined beam with a lower degree of coverageor beam width. In some aspects, a wide beam may be an unrefined beam.The UE 120 may measure the beam of the second cell using the wide beamto reduce an amount of time associated with measuring beams of thesecond RAT (e.g., measuring the beam of the second cell using refined ornarrow beams may require a beam sweeping procedure which may increasethe amount of time associated with measuring beams of the second RAT).

As shown by reference number 630, the UE 120 may determine or detect amodification trigger event based at least in part on the measurement ofthe beam of the second cell. The modification trigger event may indicatethat the UE 120 should modify the channel condition value of the beam ofthe second cell. In some aspects, the modification trigger event may bebased at least in part on the measurement event indicated by themeasurement configuration. For example, the modification trigger eventmay be based at least in part on a reporting threshold for reportingchannel condition values of the second RAT (e.g., configured in themeasurement configuration received from the first base station 110 ofthe first cell). The modification trigger event may be based at least inpart on a difference between the channel condition value of the beam ofthe second cell and the reporting threshold for reporting channelcondition values of the second RAT satisfying a threshold. In someaspects, the threshold may be based at least in part on a beamforminggain value determined by the UE 120. In some aspects, the threshold maybe 6 dB, and/or the like (e.g., if the channel condition value of thebeam of the second cell is within 6 dB of the reporting threshold forreporting channel condition values of the second RAT, then the UE 120may determine that the modification trigger event has been detected).

In some aspects, the modification trigger event may be based at least inpart on the channel condition value of the beam of the second cellindicating that the beam of the second cell is near a cell edge of thesecond cell. For example, the UE 120 may determine that the modificationtrigger event has been detected if the channel condition value of thebeam of the second cell satisfies a cell edge threshold. In someaspects, the UE 120 may determine that the modification trigger eventhas been detected if the channel condition value of the beam of thesecond cell is less than the cell edge threshold. The cell edgethreshold may be pre-configured or stored in the UE 120 or indicated bythe first base station 110 of the first cell. In some aspects, the celledge threshold may be −95 dBm, among other examples.

As shown by reference number 640, the UE 120 may modify the channelcondition value of the beam of the second cell. The UE 120 may modifythe channel condition value of the beam of the second cell based atleast in part on determining the modification trigger event. In someaspects, the UE 120 may modify the channel condition value of the beamof the second cell by a beamforming gain value. The beamforming gainvalue may be a nominal value to indicate a beamforming gain that may beachieved through beamforming or refining the wide beam used by the UE120 to measure the beam of the second cell and determine the channelcondition value of the beam of the second cell, as described above.

The beamforming gain value may be based at least in part on an antennamodule associated with the wide beam used to determine the channelcondition value of the beam of the second cell, the wide beam used todetermine the channel condition value of the beam of the second cell,and/or determine an availability of a beam level of the antenna moduleassociated with the wide beam used to determine the channel conditionvalue of the beam of the second cell, among other examples. Thebeamforming gain value may be determined based at least in part on oneor more beam characterizations (e.g., an angle of a beam of the secondcell, a codebook associated with the wide beam, phase informationassociated with the wide beam, and/or amplitude information associatedwith the wide beam), a derivation of the beamforming gain value, and/oran estimation of the beamforming gain value.

For example, a nominal beamforming gain value may apply to all widebeams associated with an antenna module of the UE 120 (e.g., the nominalbeamforming gain value may be specific to an antenna module). Thenominal beamforming gain value may be an average beamforming gain valuethat may be expected when performing beamforming or beam refinementusing the antenna module. In some aspects, a nominal beamforming gainvalue may be based at least in part on the wide beam used to measure thebeam of the second cell (e.g., the nominal beamforming gain value may bespecific to a wide beam of the UE 120). The nominal beamforming gainvalue may be a beamforming gain value that may be expected whenperforming beamforming or beam refinement of the wide beam.

In some aspects, a nominal beamforming gain value may be based at leastin part on a beam level. For example, a codebook associated with a widebeam (or associated with an antenna module associated with the widebeam) may indicate beams associated with a plurality of levels. A levelof beam (e.g., a beam level) may be associated with a particular beamwidth and a particular beam gain. As the level changes, the beam widthand the beam gain may change. As one example, when the beam levelincreases, the beam width may decrease and the beam gain may increase.The codebook may include a plurality of levels, such as two levels,three levels, or a different number of levels. The usage of the beamlevels may improve efficiency of beam refinement operations of the UE120. For example, the usage of three beam levels may provide a desirablebalance between beam width and beamforming gain, since a wide beam(level), an intermediate beam (level), and a narrow beam (level) can beformed using a three-level codebook approach. In another example, aplurality of beam levels may include a wide beam level and one or morerefined beam levels. The wide beam level may be associated with one ormore beams of different directions (e.g., different spatial directions)of a beam width wider than beams of the one or more refined beam levels.In other words, beams of the one or more refined beam levels may have awidth that is narrower than the beam width associated with the wide beamlevel.

In some aspects, the codebook may indicate a parent-child relationshipof two or more beams. A parent beam may be a beam associated with alower level (e.g., a larger beam width and a lower beam gain) and achild beam may be a beam associated with a higher level. The UE 120 maymove from a parent beam to a corresponding child beam as part of a beamrefinement procedure. For example, the UE 120 may perform measurementson child beams corresponding to a parent beam, or on parent beamscorresponding to a child beam, as part of a beam refinement procedure.

In some aspects, the UE 120 may determine a highest available levelassociated with a of the widest beam width to determine a beamforminggain. An available beam level may be a beam level in which all beamsincluded in the level are available. An availability of a beam includedin the beam level may be based at least in part on an operatingcondition of the UE 120 (e.g., a thermal condition, a power usagecondition, a battery condition, a maximum permissible exposure (MPE)condition, a dynamic choice of antenna numbers from a set of antennamodules supported by the UE 120, a preferred subarray type supported bythe UE 120, a use case (e.g., a data rate use case and/or a latency usecase), or another type of operating condition). For example, the UE 120may determine that one or more beams included in a level are notavailable or are disqualified based at least in part on the operatingcondition. As a result, the UE 120 may not use a beamforming gain valueassociated with that level when modifying the channel condition value ofthe beam of the second cell.

In some aspects, the UE 120 may determine an available level starting ata highest beam level (e.g., a beam level associated with a smallest beamwidth and/or a largest beamforming gain value). If the UE 120 determinesthat the highest level is available, the UE 120 may determine that thebeamforming gain value is the beamforming gain value associated with thehighest level. If the UE 120 determines that the highest level is notavailable, the UE 120 may determine whether the next highest beam levelis available. The UE 120 may repeat this process until the UE 120determines a highest available beam level. The UE 120 may determine thatthe beamforming gain value is the beamforming gain value associated withthe highest available beam level.

The UE 120 may modify the channel condition value of the beam of thesecond cell by the beamforming gain value. For example, the UE 120 mayadd the beamforming gain value to the channel condition value of thebeam of the second cell. As a result, the UE 120 may determine whetherto report the channel condition value of the beam of the second cellusing the modified channel condition value. The modified channelcondition value may enable the UE 120 to use a more accurate channelcondition value of the beam of the second cell (e.g., a channelcondition value of the beam of the second cell after a beam refinementprocedure is performed) while also conserving resources (e.g., timeresources and/or power resources) by measuring the beam of the secondcell using a wide beam (e.g., rather than one or more narrow beams orone or more refined beams).

As shown by reference number 650, the UE 120 may transmit a measurementreport, to the first base station 110 of the first cell, indicating themodified channel condition value of the beam of the second cell. Forexample, the UE 120 may determine that the modified channel conditionvalue of the beam of the second cell satisfies a reporting threshold forreporting channel condition values of the second RAT. The UE 120 maytransmit the measurement report indicating the modified channelcondition value of the beam of the second cell based at least in part onthe determination that the modified channel condition value of the beamof the second cell satisfies the reporting threshold for reportingchannel condition values of the second RAT (e.g., if the modifiedchannel condition value of the beam of the second cell does not satisfythe reporting threshold for reporting channel condition values of thesecond RAT, the UE 120 may not transmit the measurement report).

The first base station 110 of the first cell may receive the measurementreport indicating the modified channel condition value of the beam ofthe second cell. The first base station 110 may transmit an indicationto the UE 120 to add the second cell as a PSCell for dual connectivitywith the first cell. The UE 120 may perform a beam refinement procedureassociated with adding the second cell as the PSCell. As a result, theUE 120 may materialize the beamforming gain value through performing thebeam refinement procedure when adding the second cell as the PSCell.Thus, after adding the second cell as the PSCell, the UE 120 may operatein a dual connectivity mode with the first cell as a PCell of an MCG andthe second cell as a PSCell of an SCG. The dual connectivity mode mayimprove network performance and increase throughput of the UE 120.

As a result, the UE 120 improves beam management by modifying thechannel condition value of the beam of the second cell by the expectedbeamforming gain value. The modified channel condition value of the beamof the second cell enables the UE 120 to report the second cell to thefirst cell, while also maintaining resources conserved by using a widebeam to measure the beam of the second cell. Reporting the modifiedchannel condition value improves beam management by enabling the firstcell to add the second cell as a PSCell of an SCG, thereby improvingnetwork performance associated with the UE 120 operating in a dualconnectivity mode.

As indicated above, FIG. 6 is provided as an example. Other examples maydiffer from what is described with respect to FIG. 6.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example 700 associated with improvedbeam management, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown inFIG. 7, a base station 110 and a UE 120 may communicate with one anotherin a wireless network (e.g., wireless network 100).

As shown by reference number 710, the base station 110 may transmit, tothe UE 120, a measurement configuration. The measurement configurationmay indicate conditions for reporting channel condition values (e.g.,RSRP values, SNR values, and/or the like) of different beams to the basestation 110. The base station 110 may use the reported channel conditionvalues for beam management.

The measurement configuration may indicate a measurement eventassociated with a beam switch procedure. In some aspects, themeasurement event may be associated with an L1-RSRP measurement report.For example, the measurement event may indicate that the UE 120 is tomeasure one or more SSBs transmitted by the base station 110 and reportone or more highest RSRP values of the one or more SSBs to the basestation 110. The base station 110 may use the L1-RSRP measurement reportto select a best SSB to be a serving SSB for the UE 120.

As shown by reference number 720, the UE 120 may measure one or moreSSBs that are transmitted by the base station 110 according to themeasurement configuration. The one or more SSBs may be transmitted onone or more transmit beams of the base station 110. The UE 120 maymeasure the one or more SSBs using a receive beam of the UE 120. The UE120 may determine a channel condition value of the one or more SSBsbased at least in part on the measurement of the one or more SSBs. Themeasurements of the one or more SSBs may be L1 measurements.

As shown by reference number 730, the UE 120 may determine amodification trigger event. The modification trigger event may be basedat least in part on the one or more measurements of the one or moreSSBs. The modification trigger event may be an event indicating that theUE 120 should modify an RSRP value of a serving SSB when transmittingthe L1-RSRP measurement report. In some aspects, the modificationtrigger event may be based at least in part on a channel condition valueof a serving SSB. For example, based at least in part on a previousL1-RSRP measurement report, the base station 110 may configure orindicate a serving SSB for the UE 120 (e.g., using medium access control(MAC) control element (MAC-CE) signaling). The serving SSB may be theSSB associated with the highest RSRP value in the previous L1-RSRPmeasurement report.

The UE 120 may determine the modification trigger event based at leastin part on determining that the serving SSB does not have a highest RSRPvalue among the one or more SSBs. For example, the UE 120 may determinethat another SSB has a higher RSRP value than the RSRP value of theserving SSB. The UE 120 may determine the modification trigger eventbased at least in part on determining that a difference between thehighest RSRP value (e.g., of the other SSB) and the RSRP value of aserving SSB satisfies an RSRP threshold. For example, the UE 120 maydetermine that the RSRP value of the serving SSB is within a thresholdvalue of the highest RSRP.

In some aspects, the UE 120 may determine the modification trigger eventbased at least in part on an amount of time since a last SSB switch(e.g., an amount of time since the base station 110 indicated a switchfrom a previous serving SSB to the current serving SSB). The UE 120 maydetermine the modification trigger event based at least in part ondetermining that the amount of time since the last SSB switch satisfiesa time threshold. The time threshold may be 1 second, 2 second, and/or 4seconds, among other examples. In some aspects, if the UE 120 determinesthat the amount of time since the last SSB switch does not satisfy thetime threshold (e.g., is greater than or equal to the time threshold),then the UE 120 may determine that the modification trigger event hasnot been satisfied (e.g., even if the difference between the highestRSRP value and the RSRP value of a serving SSB satisfies the RSRPthreshold).

In some aspects, the UE 120 may determine the modification trigger eventbased at least in part on the channel condition value of the servingSSB. For example, if the channel condition value of the serving SSB ispoor, then the UE 120 may not determine that the modification triggerevent is detected or satisfied, such that the channel condition value ofthe serving SSB is not modified (e.g., to enable the base station 110 toswitch from the serving SSB with a poor channel condition value). Insome aspects, the UE 120 may determine or detect the modificationtrigger event based at least in part on determining that the RSRP valueof the serving SSB satisfies a serving RSRP threshold. In some aspects,the UE 120 may determine or detect the modification trigger event basedat least in part on determining that an SNR of the serving SSB satisfiesa serving SNR threshold. For example, if the RSRP value of the servingSSB does not satisfy the serving RSRP threshold and/or the SNR value ofthe serving SSB does not satisfy the serving SNR threshold, then the UE120 may determine that the modification trigger event has not beensatisfied (e.g., even if the difference between the highest RSRP valueand the RSRP value of a serving SSB satisfies the RSRP threshold and/orthe amount of time since the last SSB switch satisfies the timethreshold).

In some aspects, the UE 120 may determine or detect the modificationtrigger event based at least in part on determining that the differencebetween the highest RSRP value and the RSRP value of a serving SSBsatisfies the RSRP threshold, determining that the amount of time sincethe last SSB switch satisfies the time threshold, and/or determiningthat the RSRP value of the serving SSB satisfies the serving RSRPthreshold (and/or the SNR value of the serving SSB satisfies the servingSNR threshold). In some aspects, the thresholds (e.g., the RSRPthreshold, the time threshold, the serving RSRP threshold, the servingSNR threshold, and/or the like) may be pre-configured or stored by theUE 120. In some aspects, the thresholds may be indicated or configuredby the base station 110.

As shown by reference number 740, the UE 120 may modify the channelcondition value of the serving SSB. For example, the UE 120 may modifythe RSRP value of the serving SSB (e.g., the measured RSRP value). Insome aspects, the UE 120 may modify the channel condition value of theserving SSB based at least in part on determining the modificationtrigger event. The UE 120 may modify the RSRP value of the serving SSBby an RSRP modification value. The RSRP modification value may be basedat least in part on a value associated with the RSRP threshold. Forexample, if the RSRP threshold indicates that the RSRP value of theserving SSB must be within 1 dB of the highest RSRP, the RSRPmodification value may be 1 dB or more. In this way, the RSRP value ofthe serving SSB may be modified to become the highest RSRP value.

The modification of the RSRP value of the serving SSB may introducehysteresis into the reporting of the L1-RSRP measurement report. Forexample, the modification of the RSRP value of the serving SSB mayensure that, for a limited time period (e.g., based at least in part onthe time threshold), the serving SSB is not switched by the base station110 due to minor fluctuations in RSRP values of the one or more SSBs.

As shown by reference number 750, the UE 120 may transmit, to the basestation 110, the L1-RSRP measurement report indicating the modifiedchannel condition value (e.g., the modified RSRP value) of the servingSSB. The base station 110 may receive the L1-RSRP measurement report anddetermine that the modified RSRP of the serving SSB is the highest RSRPvalue. As a result, the base station 110 may not switch the serving SSBto another SSB, even if the other SSB has a higher RSRP as measured bythe UE 120.

As a result, frequent switches between SSBs as the serving SSB due tominor fluctuations in RSRP values of the SSBs may be avoided bytransmitting the L1-RSRP measurement report indicating the modified RSRPvalue of the serving SSB. Transmitting the L1-RSRP measurement reportindicating the modified RSRP value of the serving SSB improves beammanagement by improving network performance, as the UE 120 and the basestation 110 may reduce a number of beam switches for different SSBs.Additionally, transmitting the L1-RSRP measurement report indicating themodified RSRP value of the serving SSB improves beam management byreducing a signaling overhead associated with frequent switches betweenSSBs as the serving SSB.

As indicated above, FIG. 7 is provided as an example. Other examples maydiffer from what is described with respect to FIG. 7.

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example process 800 performed, forexample, by a UE, in accordance with the present disclosure. Exampleprocess 800 is an example where the UE (e.g., UE 120 and/or the like)performs operations associated with techniques for improved beammanagement.

As shown in FIG. 8, in some aspects, process 800 may include measuring abeam, according to a measurement configuration, to determine a channelcondition value of the beam (block 810). For example, the UE (e.g.,using receive processor 258, transmit processor 264,controller/processor 280, memory 282, and/or measurement component 908,depicted in FIG. 9) may measure a beam, according to a measurementconfiguration, to determine a channel condition value of the beam, asdescribed above.

As further shown in FIG. 8, in some aspects, process 800 may includemodifying the channel condition value based at least in part on at leastone of one or more beam characterizations, a derivation of a beamforminggain value, or an estimation of the beamforming gain value (block 820).For example, the UE (e.g., using receive processor 258, transmitprocessor 264, controller/processor 280, memory 282, and/or modificationcomponent 910, depicted in FIG. 9) may modify the channel conditionvalue based at least in part on at least one of one or more beamcharacterizations, a derivation of a beamforming gain value, or anestimation of the beamforming gain value, as described above.

As further shown in FIG. 8, in some aspects, process 800 may includetransmitting, to a base station, a measurement report indicating themodified channel condition value (block 830). For example, the UE (e.g.,using receive processor 258, transmit processor 264,controller/processor 280, memory 282, and/or transmission component 904,depicted in FIG. 9) may transmit, to a base station, a measurementreport indicating the modified channel condition value, as describedabove.

Process 800 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect orany combination of aspects described below and/or in connection with oneor more other processes described elsewhere herein.

In a first aspect, process 800 includes determining a modificationtrigger event based at least in part on the measurement of the beam,wherein modifying the channel condition value is based at least in parton the determination of the modification trigger event.

In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect,process 800 includes establishing a communication connection using afirst RAT, wherein measuring the beam, according to the measurementconfiguration, to determine the channel condition value of the beamincludes measuring a beam of a second RAT, according to the measurementconfiguration received via the communication connection, to determine achannel condition value of the beam of the second RAT.

In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the firstand second aspects, the first RAT is an LTE RAT and the second RAT is anNR RAT.

In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of thefirst through third aspects, the measurement configuration is associatedwith an IRAT cell selection procedure, and the measurement configurationindicates a measurement event for reporting measurement values for theIRAT cell selection procedure.

In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the firstthrough fourth aspects, the measurement event indicates a reportingthreshold for reporting measurement values of an NR cell associated withthe IRAT cell selection procedure.

In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the firstthrough fifth aspects, measuring the beam, according to the measurementconfiguration, to determine the channel condition value of the beamcomprises measuring the beam of the second RAT, according to themeasurement configuration, using a wide beam to determine the channelcondition value of the beam of the second RAT.

In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of thefirst through sixth aspects, process 800 includes determining abeamforming gain value associated with the measurement of the beam ofthe second RAT, wherein the beamforming gain value is based at least inpart on at least one of: an antenna module associated with a wide beamused to determine the channel condition value of the beam of the secondRAT, the wide beam used to determine the channel condition value of thebeam of the second RAT, or an available beam level of the antenna moduleassociated with the wide beam used to determine the channel conditionvalue of the beam of the second RAT.

In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of thefirst through seventh aspects, determining the beamforming gain value isbased at least in part on: one or more beam characterizations, aderivation of the beamforming gain value, or an estimation of thebeamforming gain value.

In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the firstthrough eighth aspects, process 800 includes determining a modificationtrigger event based on at least one of: a difference between the channelcondition value of the beam of the second RAT and a reporting thresholdfor reporting channel condition values of the second RAT satisfies athreshold, or the channel condition value of the beam of the second RATsatisfies a cell edge threshold.

In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the firstthrough ninth aspects, modifying the channel condition value comprisesmodifying the channel condition value of the beam of the second RAT by abeamforming gain value.

In an eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of thefirst through tenth aspects, modifying the channel condition value ofthe beam of the second RAT by the beamforming gain value comprisesdetermining a beam level, of one or more beam levels associated with anantenna module of the UE, with all beams included in the beam levelavailable, and modifying the channel condition value of the beam of thesecond RAT by a beamforming gain value associated with the beam levelwith all beams included in the beam level available.

In a twelfth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of thefirst through eleventh aspects, determining the beam level with allbeams included in the beam level available comprises determining whethereach beam included in the beam level is available, wherein anavailability of a beam included in the beam level is based at least inpart on an operating condition of the UE.

In a thirteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of thefirst through twelfth aspects, transmitting, to the base station, themeasurement report indicating the modified channel condition valuecomprises determining that a modified channel condition value of thebeam of the second RAT satisfies a reporting threshold for reportingchannel condition values of the second RAT, and transmitting, to thebase station, the measurement report indicating the modified channelcondition value of the beam of the second RAT based at least in part onthe determination that the modified channel condition value of the beamof the second RAT satisfies the reporting threshold for reportingchannel condition values of the second RAT.

In a fourteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of thefirst through thirteenth aspects, the measurement configuration isassociated with a L1-RSRP measurement report.

In a fifteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of thefirst through fourteenth aspects, measuring the beam, according to themeasurement configuration, to determine the channel condition value ofthe beam comprises measuring one or more SSBs to determine RSRP valuesof the one or more SSBs, and determining that an RSRP value of a servingSSB, of the one or more SSBs, is not a highest RSRP value based at leastin part on the measurement of the one or more SSBs.

In a sixteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of thefirst through fifteenth aspects, process 800 includes determining amodification trigger event based at least in part on the measurement ofthe beam.

In a seventeenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of thefirst through sixteenth aspects, determining the modification triggerevent comprises determining that an RSRP value of an SSB is a highestRSRP value, and determining that a difference between the RSRP value ofthe SSB and the RSRP value of a serving SSB satisfies an RSRP threshold.

In an eighteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of thefirst through seventeenth aspects, determining the modification triggerevent comprises determining an amount of time since a last SSB switch,and determining that the amount of time since the last SSB switchsatisfies a time threshold.

In a nineteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of thefirst through eighteenth aspects, determining the modification triggerevent comprises determining that at least one of an RSRP value of aserving SSB satisfies a serving RSRP threshold, or an SNR of the servingSSB satisfies a serving SNR threshold.

In a twentieth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of thefirst through nineteenth aspects, modifying the channel condition valuecomprises modifying an RSRP value of a serving SSB by an RSRPmodification value, wherein the RSRP modification value is based atleast in part on a value associated with an RSRP threshold.

In a twenty-first aspect, alone or in combination with one or more ofthe first through twentieth aspects, transmitting, to the base station,the measurement report indicating the modified channel condition valuecomprises transmitting, to the base station, an L1-RSRP measurementreport indicating a modified RSRP value of a serving SSB.

Although FIG. 8 shows example blocks of process 800, in some aspects,process 800 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, differentblocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in FIG. 8.Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 800may be performed in parallel.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram of an example apparatus 900 for wirelesscommunication, in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatus900 may be a UE, or a UE may include the apparatus 900. In some aspects,the apparatus 900 includes a reception component 902 and a transmissioncomponent 904, which may be in communication with one another (forexample, via one or more buses and/or one or more other components). Asshown, the apparatus 900 may communicate with another apparatus 906(such as a UE, a base station, or another wireless communication device)using the reception component 902 and the transmission component 904. Asfurther shown, the apparatus 900 may include one or more of ameasurement component 908, a modification component 910, among otherexamples.

In some aspects, the apparatus 900 may be configured to perform one ormore operations described herein in connection with FIG. 6-7.Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus 900 may be configured toperform one or more processes described herein, such as process 800 ofFIG. 8, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the apparatus 900and/or one or more components shown in FIG. 9 may include one or morecomponents of the user equipment described above in connection with FIG.2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components shown in FIG.9 may be implemented within one or more components described above inconnection with FIG. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or morecomponents of the set of components may be implemented at least in partas software stored in a memory. For example, a component (or a portionof a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in anon-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by a controlleror a processor to perform the functions or operations of the component.

The reception component 902 may receive communications, such asreference signals, control information, data communications, or acombination thereof, from the apparatus 906. The reception component 902may provide received communications to one or more other components ofthe apparatus 900. In some aspects, the reception component 902 mayperform signal processing on the received communications (such asfiltering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion,demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interferencecancellation, or decoding, among other examples), and may provide theprocessed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus906. In some aspects, the reception component 902 may include one ormore antennas, a demodulator, a MIMO detector, a receive processor, acontroller/processor, a memory, or a combination thereof, of the userequipment described above in connection with FIG. 2.

The transmission component 904 may transmit communications, such asreference signals, control information, data communications, or acombination thereof, to the apparatus 906. In some aspects, one or moreother components of the apparatus 906 may generate communications andmay provide the generated communications to the transmission component904 for transmission to the apparatus 906. In some aspects, thetransmission component 904 may perform signal processing on thegenerated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation,digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, orencoding, among other examples), and may transmit the processed signalsto the apparatus 906. In some aspects, the transmission component 904may include one or more antennas, a modulator, a transmit MIMOprocessor, a transmit processor, a controller/processor, a memory, or acombination thereof, of the user equipment described above in connectionwith FIG. 2. In some aspects, the transmission component 904 may beco-located with the reception component 902 in a transceiver.

The measurement component 908 may measure a beam, according to ameasurement configuration, to determine a channel condition value of thebeam. The modification component 910 may modify the channel conditionvalue based at least in part on at least one of one or more beamcharacterizations, a derivation of a beamforming gain value, or anestimation of the beamforming gain value. The transmission component 904may transmit, to a base station, a measurement report indicating themodified channel condition value.

The number and arrangement of components shown in FIG. 9 are provided asan example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewercomponents, different components, or differently arranged componentsthan those shown in FIG. 9. Furthermore, two or more components shown inFIG. 9 may be implemented within a single component, or a singlecomponent shown in FIG. 9 may be implemented as multiple, distributedcomponents. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more)components shown in FIG. 9 may perform one or more functions describedas being performed by another set of components shown in FIG. 9.

The following provides an overview of some aspects of the presentdisclosure:

Aspect 1: A method of wireless communication performed by a userequipment (UE), comprising: measuring a beam, according to a measurementconfiguration, to determine a channel condition value of the beam;modifying the channel condition value; and transmitting, to a basestation, a measurement report indicating the modified channel conditionvalue.

Aspect 2: The method of aspect 1, further comprising: determining amodification trigger event based at least in part on the measurement ofthe beam, wherein modifying the channel condition value is based atleast in part on the determination of the modification trigger event.

Aspect 3: The method of any of aspects 1-2, further comprising:establishing a communication connection using a first radio accesstechnology (RAT), wherein measuring the beam, according to themeasurement configuration, to determine the channel condition value ofthe beam includes: measuring a beam of a second RAT, according to themeasurement configuration received via the communication connection, todetermine a channel condition value of the beam of the second RAT.

Aspect 4: The method of aspect 3, wherein the first RAT is a Long TermEvolution (LTE) RAT and the second RAT is a New Radio (NR) RAT.

Aspect 5: The method of any of aspects 3-4, wherein the measurementconfiguration is associated with an inter-RAT (IRAT) cell selectionprocedure, and wherein the measurement configuration indicates ameasurement event for reporting measurement values for the IRAT cellselection procedure.

Aspect 6: The method of aspect 5, wherein the measurement eventindicates a reporting threshold for reporting measurement values of aNew Radio (NR) cell associated with the IRAT cell selection procedure.

Aspect 7: The method of any of aspects 3-6, wherein measuring the beam,according to the measurement configuration, to determine the channelcondition value of the beam comprises: measuring the beam of the secondRAT, according to the measurement configuration, using a wide beam todetermine the channel condition value of the beam of the second RAT.

Aspect 8: The method of any of aspects 3-7, further comprising:determining a beamforming gain value associated with the measurement ofthe beam of the second RAT, wherein the beamforming gain value is basedat least in part on at least one of: an antenna module associated with awide beam used to determine the channel condition value of the beam ofthe second RAT, the wide beam used to determine the channel conditionvalue of the beam of the second RAT, or an available beam level of theantenna module associated with the wide beam used to determine thechannel condition value of the beam of the second RAT.

Aspect 9: The method of aspect 8, wherein determining the beamforminggain value is based at least in part on: one or more beamcharacterizations, a derivation of the beamforming gain value, or anestimation of the beamforming gain value.

Aspect 10: The method of any of aspects 3-9, further comprising:determining a modification trigger event based on at least one of: adifference between the channel condition value of the beam of the secondRAT and a reporting threshold for reporting channel condition values ofthe second RAT satisfies a threshold, or the channel condition value ofthe beam of the second RAT satisfies a cell edge threshold.

Aspect 11: The method of any of aspects 3-10, wherein modifying thechannel condition value comprises: modifying the channel condition valueof the beam of the second RAT by a beamforming gain value.

Aspect 12: The method of aspect 11, wherein modifying the channelcondition value of the beam of the second RAT by the beamforming gainvalue comprises: determining a beam level, of one or more beam levelsassociated with an antenna module of the UE, with all beams included inthe beam level available; and modifying the channel condition value ofthe beam of the second RAT by a beamforming gain value associated withthe beam level with all beams included in the beam level available.

Aspect 13: The method of aspect 12, wherein determining the beam levelwith all beams included in the beam level available comprises:determining whether each beam included in the beam level is available,wherein an availability of a beam included in the beam level is based atleast in part on an operating condition of the UE.

Aspect 14: The method of any of aspects 3-13, wherein transmitting, tothe base station, the measurement report indicating the modified channelcondition value comprises: determining that a modified channel conditionvalue of the beam of the second RAT satisfies a reporting threshold forreporting channel condition values of the second RAT; and transmitting,to the base station, the measurement report indicating the modifiedchannel condition value of the beam of the second RAT based at least inpart on the determination that the modified channel condition value ofthe beam of the second RAT satisfies the reporting threshold forreporting channel condition values of the second RAT.

Aspect 15: The method of any of aspects 1-2, wherein the measurementconfiguration is associated with a Layer 1 (L1) reference signal receivepower (RSRP) measurement report.

Aspect 16: The method of aspect 15, wherein measuring the beam,according to the measurement configuration, to determine the channelcondition value of the beam comprises: measuring one or moresynchronization signal blocks (SSBs) to determine RSRP values of the oneor more SSBs; and determining that an RSRP value of a serving SSB, ofthe one or more SSBs, is not a highest RSRP value based at least in parton the measurement of the one or more SSBs.

Aspect 17: The method of any of aspects 15-16, further comprising:determining a modification trigger event based at least in part on themeasurement of the beam.

Aspect 18: The method of aspect 17, wherein determining the modificationtrigger event comprises: determining that an RSRP value of an SSB is ahighest RSRP value; and determining that a difference between the RSRPvalue of the SSB and the RSRP value of a serving SSB satisfies an RSRPthreshold.

Aspect 19: The method of any of aspects 17-18, wherein determining themodification trigger event comprises: determining an amount of timesince a last SSB switch; and determining that the amount of time sincethe last SSB switch satisfies a time threshold.

Aspect 20: The method of any of aspects 17-19, wherein determining themodification trigger event comprises: determining that at least one of:an RSRP value of a serving SSB satisfies a serving RSRP threshold, or asignal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the serving SSB satisfies a serving SNRthreshold.

Aspect 21: The method of any of aspects 15-20, wherein modifying thechannel condition value comprises: modifying an RSRP value of a servingSSB by an RSRP modification value, wherein the RSRP modification valueis based at least in part on a value associated with an RSRP threshold.

Aspect 22: The method of any of aspects 15-21, wherein transmitting, tothe base station, the measurement report indicating the modified channelcondition value comprises: transmitting, to the base station, an L1-RSRPmeasurement report indicating a modified RSRP value of a serving SSB.

Aspect 23: A method of wireless communication performed by a userequipment (UE), comprising: measuring a beam, according to a measurementconfiguration, to determine a channel condition value of the beam;modifying the channel condition value based at least in part on at leastone of one or more beam characterizations, a derivation of a beamforminggain value, or an estimation of the beamforming gain value; andtransmitting, to a base station, a measurement report indicating themodified channel condition value.

Aspect 24: The method of aspect 23, further comprising: determining amodification trigger event based at least in part on the measurement ofthe beam, wherein modifying the channel condition value is based atleast in part on the determination of the modification trigger event.

Aspect 25: The method of any of aspects 23-24, further comprising:establishing a communication connection using a first radio accesstechnology (RAT), wherein measuring the beam, according to themeasurement configuration, to determine the channel condition value ofthe beam includes: measuring a beam of a second RAT, according to themeasurement configuration received via the communication connection, todetermine a channel condition value of the beam of the second RAT.

Aspect 26: The method of aspect 25, wherein the first RAT is a Long TermEvolution (LTE) RAT and the second RAT is a New Radio (NR) RAT.

Aspect 27: The method of any of aspects 23-26, wherein the measurementconfiguration is associated with an inter-RAT (IRAT) cell selectionprocedure, and wherein the measurement configuration indicates ameasurement event for reporting measurement values for the IRAT cellselection procedure.

Aspect 28: The method of aspect 27, wherein the measurement eventindicates a reporting threshold for reporting measurement values of aNew Radio (NR) cell associated with the IRAT cell selection procedure.

Aspect 29: The method of any of aspects 23-28, wherein measuring thebeam, according to the measurement configuration, to determine thechannel condition value of the beam comprises: measuring the beam,according to the measurement configuration, using a wide beam todetermine the channel condition value of the beam.

Aspect 30: The method of any of aspects 23-29, further comprising:determining the beamforming gain value associated with the measurementof the beam, wherein the beamforming gain value is based at least inpart on at least one of: an antenna module associated with a wide beamused to determine the channel condition value of the beam, the wide beamused to determine the channel condition value of the beam, or anavailable beam level of the antenna module associated with the wide beamused to determine the channel condition value of the beam.

Aspect 31: The method of any of aspects 23-30, further comprising:determining the beamforming gain value is based at least in part on: theone or more beam characterizations, the derivation of the beamforminggain value, or the estimation of the beamforming gain value.

Aspect 32: The method of any of aspects 23-31, further comprising:determining a modification trigger event based on at least one of: adifference between the channel condition value of the beam of the RATand a reporting threshold for reporting channel condition values of theRAT satisfies a threshold, or the channel condition value of the beam ofthe RAT satisfies a cell edge threshold.

Aspect 33: The method of any of aspects 23-32, wherein modifying thechannel condition value comprises: modifying the channel condition valueof the beam by the beamforming gain value.

Aspect 34: The method of aspect 33, wherein modifying the channelcondition value of the beam by the beamforming gain value comprises:determining a beam level, of one or more beam levels associated with anantenna module of the UE, with all beams included in the beam levelavailable; and modifying the channel condition value of the beam by abeamforming gain value associated with the beam level with all beamsincluded in the beam level available.

Aspect 35: The method of aspect 34, wherein determining the beam levelwith all beams included in the beam level available comprises:determining whether each beam included in the beam level is available,wherein an availability of a beam included in the beam level is based atleast in part on an operating condition of the UE.

Aspect 36: The method of any of aspects 23-35, wherein transmitting, tothe base station, the measurement report indicating the modified channelcondition value comprises: determining that a modified channel conditionvalue of the beam of a radio access technology (RAT) satisfies areporting threshold for reporting channel condition values of the RAT;and transmitting, to the base station, the measurement report indicatingthe modified channel condition value of the beam of the RAT based atleast in part on the determination that the modified channel conditionvalue of the beam of the RAT satisfies the reporting threshold forreporting channel condition values of the RAT.

Aspect 37: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device,comprising a processor; memory coupled with the processor; andinstructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor tocause the apparatus to perform the method of one or more aspects ofaspects 1-22.

Aspect 38: A device for wireless communication, comprising a memory andone or more processors coupled to the memory, the memory and the one ormore processors configured to perform the method of one or more aspectsof aspects 1-22.

Aspect 39: An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising at leastone means for performing the method of one or more aspects of aspects1-22.

Aspect 40: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code forwireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by aprocessor to perform the method of one or more aspects of aspects 1-22.

Aspect 41: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set ofinstructions for wireless communication, the set of instructionscomprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or moreprocessors of a device, cause the device to perform the method of one ormore aspects of aspects 1-22.

Aspect 42: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device,comprising a processor; memory coupled with the processor; andinstructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor tocause the apparatus to perform the method of one or more aspects ofaspects 23-36.

Aspect 43: A device for wireless communication, comprising a memory andone or more processors coupled to the memory, the memory and the one ormore processors configured to perform the method of one or more aspectsof aspects 23-36.

Aspect 44: An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising at leastone means for performing the method of one or more aspects of aspects23-36.

Aspect 45: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code forwireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by aprocessor to perform the method of one or more aspects of aspects 23-36.

Aspect 46: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set ofinstructions for wireless communication, the set of instructionscomprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or moreprocessors of a device, cause the device to perform the method of one ormore aspects of aspects 23-36.

The foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description, but isnot intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the preciseforms disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made in light ofthe above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of the aspects.

As used herein, the term “component” is intended to be broadly construedas hardware, firmware, and/or a combination of hardware and software. Asused herein, a processor is implemented in hardware, firmware, and/or acombination of hardware and software. It will be apparent that systemsand/or methods described herein may be implemented in different forms ofhardware, firmware, and/or a combination of hardware and software. Theactual specialized control hardware or software code used to implementthese systems and/or methods is not limiting of the aspects. Thus, theoperation and behavior of the systems and/or methods were describedherein without reference to specific software code—it being understoodthat software and hardware can be designed to implement the systemsand/or methods based, at least in part, on the description herein.

As used herein, satisfying a threshold may, depending on the context,refer to a value being greater than the threshold, greater than or equalto the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to thethreshold, equal to the threshold, not equal to the threshold, or thelike.

Even though particular combinations of features are recited in theclaims and/or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are notintended to limit the disclosure of various aspects. In fact, many ofthese features may be combined in ways not specifically recited in theclaims and/or disclosed in the specification. Although each dependentclaim listed below may directly depend on only one claim, the disclosureof various aspects includes each dependent claim in combination withevery other claim in the claim set. As used herein, a phrase referringto “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of thoseitems, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b,or c” is intended to cover a, b, c, a-b, a-c, b-c, and a-b-c, as well asany combination with multiples of the same element (e.g., a-a, a-a-a,a-a-b, a-a-c, a-b-b, a-c-c, b-b, b-b-b, b-b-c, c-c, and c-c-c or anyother ordering of a, b, and c).

No element, act, or instruction used herein should be construed ascritical or essential unless explicitly described as such. Also, as usedherein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to include one or moreitems and may be used interchangeably with “one or more.” Further, asused herein, the article “the” is intended to include one or more itemsreferenced in connection with the article “the” and may be usedinterchangeably with “the one or more.” Furthermore, as used herein, theterms “set” and “group” are intended to include one or more items (e.g.,related items, unrelated items, or a combination of related andunrelated items), and may be used interchangeably with “one or more.”Where only one item is intended, the phrase “only one” or similarlanguage is used. Also, as used herein, the terms “has,” “have,”“having,” or the like are intended to be open-ended terms. Further, thephrase “based on” is intended to mean “based, at least in part, on”unless explicitly stated otherwise. Also, as used herein, the term “or”is intended to be inclusive when used in a series and may be usedinterchangeably with “and/or,” unless explicitly stated otherwise (e.g.,if used in combination with “either” or “only one of”).

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of wireless communication performed by auser equipment (UE), comprising: establishing a first communicationconnection using a first radio access technology (RAT); measuring a beamof a second RAT, according to a measurement configuration received viathe first communication connection, to determine a channel conditionvalue of the beam; modifying the channel condition value based at leastin part on at least one of one or more beam characterizations, aderivation of a beamforming gain value, or an estimation of thebeamforming gain value; and transmitting, to a network entity, ameasurement report indicating the modified channel condition value. 2.The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining a modificationtrigger event based at least in part on the measurement of the beam,wherein modifying the channel condition value is based at least in parton the determination of the modification trigger event.
 3. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the first RAT is a Long Term Evolution (LTE) RAT andthe second RAT is a New Radio (NR) RAT.
 4. The method of claim 1,wherein the measurement configuration is associated with an inter-RAT(IRAT) cell selection procedure, and wherein the measurementconfiguration indicates a measurement event for reporting measurementvalues for the IRAT cell selection procedure.
 5. The method of claim 4,wherein the measurement event indicates a reporting threshold forreporting measurement values of a New Radio (NR) cell associated withthe IRAT cell selection procedure.
 6. The method of claim 1, whereinmeasuring the beam comprises: measuring the beam using a wide beam todetermine the channel condition value of the beam.
 7. The method ofclaim 1, further comprising: determining the beamforming gain valueassociated with the measurement of the beam, wherein the beamforminggain value is based at least in part on at least one of: an antennamodule associated with a wide beam used to determine the channelcondition value of the beam, the wide beam used to determine the channelcondition value of the beam, or an available beam level of the antennamodule associated with the wide beam used to determine the channelcondition value of the beam.
 8. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising: determining the beamforming gain value based at least inpart on: the one or more beam characterizations, the derivation of thebeamforming gain value, or the estimation of the beamforming gain value.9. The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining a modificationtrigger event based on at least one of: a difference between the channelcondition value of the beam and a reporting threshold for reportingchannel condition values of the second RAT satisfies a threshold, or thechannel condition value of the beam satisfies a cell edge threshold. 10.The method of claim 1, wherein modifying the channel condition valuecomprises: modifying the channel condition value of the beam by thebeamforming gain value.
 11. The method of claim 10, wherein modifyingthe channel condition value of the beam by the beamforming gain valuecomprises: determining a beam level, of one or more beam levelsassociated with an antenna module of the UE, with all beams included inthe beam level available; and modifying the channel condition value ofthe beam by a beamforming gain value associated with the beam level withall beams included in the beam level available.
 12. The method of claim11, wherein determining the beam level with all beams included in thebeam level available comprises: determining whether each beam includedin the beam level is available, wherein an availability of a beamincluded in the beam level is based at least in part on an operatingcondition of the UE.
 13. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting, tothe network entity, the measurement report indicating the modifiedchannel condition value comprises: determining that a modified channelcondition value of the beam satisfies a reporting threshold forreporting channel condition values of the second RAT; and transmitting,to the network entity, the measurement report indicating the modifiedchannel condition value of the beam based at least in part on thedetermination that the modified channel condition value of the beamsatisfies the reporting threshold for reporting the channel conditionvalues of the second RAT.
 14. A user equipment (UE) for wirelesscommunication, comprising: a memory; and one or more processors coupledto the memory, the one or more processors configured to: establish afirst communication connection using a first radio access technology(RAT); measure a beam of a second RAT, according to a measurementconfiguration received via the first communication connection, todetermine a channel condition value of the beam; modify the channelcondition value based at least in part on at least one of one or morebeam characterizations, a derivation of a beamforming gain value, or anestimation of the beamforming gain value; and transmit, to a networkentity, a measurement report indicating the modified channel conditionvalue.
 15. The UE of claim 14, wherein the one or more processers arefurther configured to: determine a modification trigger event based atleast in part on the measurement of the beam, wherein modifying thechannel condition value is based at least in part on the determinationof the modification trigger event.
 16. The UE of claim 14, wherein themeasurement configuration is associated with an inter-RAT (IRAT) cellselection procedure, and wherein the measurement configuration indicatesa measurement event for reporting measurement values for the IRAT cellselection procedure.
 17. The UE of claim 14, wherein the one or moreprocessors, when measuring the beam, are configured to: measure the beamusing a wide beam to determine the channel condition value of the beam.18. The UE of claim 14, wherein the one or more processers are furtherconfigured to: determine the beamforming gain value associated with themeasurement of the beam, wherein the beamforming gain value is based atleast in part on at least one of: an antenna module associated with awide beam used to determine the channel condition value of the beam, thewide beam used to determine the channel condition value of the beam, oran available beam level of the antenna module associated with the widebeam used to determine the channel condition value of the beam.
 19. TheUE of claim 14, wherein the one or more processers are furtherconfigured to: determine the beamforming gain value based at least inpart on at least one of: the one or more beam characterizations, thederivation of the beamforming gain value, or the estimation of thebeamforming gain value.
 20. The UE of claim 14, wherein the one or moreprocessers are further configured to: determine a modification triggerevent based on at least one of: a difference between the channelcondition value of the beam and a reporting threshold for reportingchannel condition values of the second RAT satisfies a threshold, or thechannel condition value of the beam of the RAT satisfies a cell edgethreshold.
 21. The UE of claim 14, wherein the one or more processors,when modifying the channel condition value, are configured to: modifythe channel condition value of the beam by the beamforming gain value.22. The UE of claim 21, wherein the one or more processors, whenmodifying the channel condition value of the beam by the beamforminggain value, are to: determine a beam level, of one or more beam levelsassociated with an antenna module of the UE, with all beams included inthe beam level available; and modify the channel condition value of thebeam by a beamforming gain value associated with the beam level with allbeams included in the beam level available.
 23. The UE of claim 22,wherein the one or more processors, when determining the beam level withall beams included in the beam level available, are to: determinewhether each beam included in the beam level is available, wherein anavailability of a beam included in the beam level is based at least inpart on an operating condition of the UE.
 24. The UE of claim 14,wherein the one or more processors, when transmitting, to the networkentity, the measurement report indicating the modified channel conditionvalue, are configured to: determine that a modified channel conditionvalue of the beam satisfies a reporting threshold for reporting channelcondition values of the second RAT; and transmit, to the network entity,the measurement report indicating the modified channel condition valueof the beam based at least in part on the determination that themodified channel condition value of the beam satisfies the reportingthreshold for reporting the channel condition values of the second RAT.25. The UE of claim 14, wherein the first RAT is a Long Term Evolution(LTE) RAT and the second RAT is a New Radio (NR) RAT.
 26. Anon-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructionsfor wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising: one ormore instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of auser equipment (UE), cause the UE to: establish a first communicationconnection using a first radio access technology (RAT); measure a beamof a second RAT, according to a measurement configuration received viathe first communication connection, to determine a channel conditionvalue of the beam; modify the channel condition value based at least inpart on at least one of one or more beam characterizations, a derivationof a beamforming gain value, or an estimation of the beamforming gainvalue; and transmit, to a network entity, a measurement reportindicating the modified channel condition value.
 27. The non-transitorycomputer-readable medium of claim 26, wherein the one or moreinstructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further causethe UE to: determine a modification trigger event based at least in parton the measurement of the beam, wherein modifying the channel conditionvalue is based at least in part on the determination of the modificationtrigger event.
 28. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim26, wherein the measurement configuration is associated with aninter-RAT (IRAT) cell selection procedure, and wherein the measurementconfiguration indicates a measurement event for reporting measurementvalues for the IRAT cell selection procedure.
 29. An apparatus forwireless communication, comprising: means for establishing a firstcommunication connection using a first radio access technology (RAT);means for measuring a beam of a second RAT, according to a measurementconfiguration received via the first communication connection, todetermine a channel condition value of the beam; means for modifying thechannel condition value based at least in part on at least one of one ormore beam characterizations, a derivation of a beamforming gain value,or an estimation of the beamforming gain value; and means fortransmitting, to a network entity, a measurement report indicating themodified channel condition value.
 30. The apparatus of claim 29, furthercomprising: means for determining a modification trigger event based atleast in part on the measurement of the beam, wherein modifying thechannel condition value is based at least in part on the determinationof the modification trigger event.